Stress Effects on Korean Vowels with Reference to Rhythm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Stress effects upon Korean vowels were investigated with reference to rhythm. We measured three acoustic correlates (Duration: VOT, Vowel Duration; F0; Intensity) of stress from the seven pairs of stressed vs. unstressed Korean vowels /i, ${\varepsilon}(e)$, a, o, u, i, e/. The results of the experiment revealed that stress gave only inconsistent and weak effects on duration, which supports that Korean is not a stress-timed language as far as strong stress effects on duration are still considered crucial in stress-timing. On the other hand, Korean stressed vowels were most characterized with higher F0 and next with stronger intensity. But speakers generally showed tactics to reversely use F0 and intensity in stressing an utterance rather than proportionately strengthening both of the two acoustic correlates of stress. There was found great inter-speaker variability especially in the variations of duration.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 문승재, "한국어 단모음의 음성학적 기반연구" 대한음성학회 1 (1): 1-17, 2007

2 H.B.Lee, "The effect of position in utterance on the duration of segment in Korean" 16 (16): 95-107, 1991

3 D.K.Oller, "The effect of position in utterance on speech segment duration in English" 54 : 1235-1247, 1973

4 O.-W.Lee, "Syllable-timing Interferes with Korean Learners' Speech of Stress-timed English" The Korean Association of Speech Sciences 12 (12): 95-112, 2005

5 I. Lehiste, "Suprasegmentals" MIT Press 1970

6 R. M. Dauer, "Stress-timing and Syllable-timing reanalyzed" 11 : 51-62, 1983

7 T.Cho, "Prosodic influences on consonant production in Dutch:Effects of prosodic boundaries,phrasal accent and lexical stress" 33 : 121-157, 2005

8 P.Roach, "On the distinction between stress-timed and syllable-timed languages. in Linguistic Controversies" Edward Arnold 73-79, 1982

9 D.H.Klatt, "Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English:Acoustic and perceptual evidence" 59 (59): 1208-1221, 1976

10 S.E.Martin, "Korean Phonemics" 27 : 519-532, 1951

11 H.B.Lee, "Korean Grammar" Oxford Univ. Press 1989

12 I.Lehiste, "Isochrony reconsidered" 5 : 253-264, 1977

13 D.L.Bolinger, "Intonation and Grammar" 8 : 31-117, 1958

14 D.H.Klatt, "Interaction between two factors that influence vowel duration" 54 : 1102-1104, 1973

15 D.B.Fry, "Experiments in the perception of stress" 1 : 126-152, 1958

16 P. RoachP, "English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course" Cambridge Univ. Press 2002

17 D. Abercrombie, "Elements of General Phonetics" Edinburgh University Press 1967

18 G.Fant, "Durational correlates of stress in Swedish,French and English" 19 : 351-365, 1991

19 D.B.Fry, "Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress" 27 : 765-768, 1955

20 D.Brazil, "Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching" Longman Group Ltd. 1980

21 IlsungYun, "Compression Effects of Number of Syllables on Korean Vowel" 한국음성과학회 9 (9): 173-184, 2002

22 D. W. Kim, "An acoustic study of word-timing with reference to Korean" 11 (11): 323-327, 1994

23 H.B.Lee, "An acoustic study of rhythm in Korean" 4 : 31-48, 1982

24 H.B.Lee, "A visi-pitch analysis of rhythm properties with reference to Korean,English and French" 9-10 : 6-20, 1985

25 P.Delattre, "A comparison of syllable length conditioning among languages" 4 : 183-198, 1966

26 P.Ladefoged, "A Course in Phonetics" Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 2006