비대칭적 활성화와 정당에 대한 상충적 태도

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 선거운동의 역할에 관한 주류와 수정주의 간의 논쟁에서 합일점을 찾으려는 노력의 일환이다. 주류학자들은 정당일체감의 활성화가 선거운동의 가장 중요한 기능임을 주장한다. 수정주의자들은 선거운동이 유권자에게 객관적 상황에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공함으로써 합리적 투표를 가능케 한다고 반박한다. 이 논문에서 합일적 대안으로 제시되는 비대칭적 활성화 가설은, 주류적 시각과 일치하게, 선거운동이 정당일체감을 투표결정의 준거로 활성화시킨다는 점을 부정하지 않는다. 그러나 동시에 정당일체감의 활성화 정도는 객관적 상황에 반응한다고 가정함으로써 합리적 유권자 관점에서 축적된 발견들을 설명한다. 이 논문은 정당일체감에 따른 인식의 양극화과정으로 이의 활성화를 설명한 주류적 분석틀을 수용하지만, 이들의 일차원적ㆍ양극적 해석에 대한 대안으로 정당에 대한 상충적 태도의 공존으로 귀결되는 다차원적ㆍ양변적(兩變的) 관점을 제시한다. 1980년 미국 전국선거조사(ANES)의 Major Panel Study를 활용하여 비대칭적 활성화 가설과 정당에 대한 상충적 태도가 투표행태에 미치는 영향을 검증한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is an attempt to provide a synthetic alternative to the long-lasting debate regarding the role of campaign. The mainstream scholars claim that the major role of campaign is activating party identification as an ultimate voting determinant. The revisionists challenge the perspective of activating campaign by providing a variety of aggregate level evidences showing the correspondence of election outcome to presidential party's performance. The hypothesis of asymmetric activation proposed here does not dispute with the mainstream view. At the same time, however, it has no quarrel with the responsiveness of election result to objective electoral environment proven by the revisionists. What I suggest in this paper is that the major role of campaign is activating party identification, but the extent of activation is dependent on objective electoral conditions. In addition, it is also proposed that party ambivalence, by moderating the role of party identification as a prior, functions as the underlying factor of deactivation. Utilizing multinomial logit estimation and the 1980 NES Major Panel Study, I attempt to provide a more comprehensive picture of the dynamics of voting decisions over an election year than past studies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 경쟁하는 학파들과 선거운동의 역할
• Ⅲ. 1980년 미국 대선에서 나타난 비대칭적 활성화
• Ⅳ. 태도에 관한 일차원적ㆍ양극적 관점에 대한 도전: 상충적 태도의 공존
• Ⅴ. 정당에 대한 상충적 태도가 투표 행태에 미치는 영향
• Ⅵ. 결론: 대의제 민주주의의 작동과 관련된 함의
• 참고문헌
• 영어 초록

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