태평양 지역 섬의 군사화와 탈식민, 그리고 커먼즈 = Militarization of the Islands in the Pacific, Decolonization and the Commons

국문 초록 (Abstract)

과연 동아시아를 포함하여 태평양 지역의 섬이라는 조건은 이 지역에 거주하는 사람들의 삶에 어떤 영향을 미쳐왔으며 또 미치고 있는가. 일반적으로 공동자원의 이용에 대한 연구가 지역의 범위를 넘어서 정치사를 다루는 경우는 많지 않다. 그러나 태평양 지역 섬의 역사와 문화라는 맥락에서 공동자원의 문제는 국민국가의 경계를 넘어서 곧바로 제국과 군사주의의 문제, 그리고 식민화와 탈식민의 문제와 연결되어 있다. 태평양 지역 섬에서 공동자원의 사유화ㆍ상품화ㆍ군사화를 가져온 가장 큰 계기는 20세기 이후 이 지역에서 이루어진 제국주의의 확대와 식민화 과정이기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 역사적 과정에서 이루어진 다양한 인클로저와 그것을 가능하게 한 논리를 추적해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 특히 태평양 도서 지역에서 정착형 식민주의와 기지 문제를 보여주는 사례와, 군사주의의 문제를 도외시한 환경보호의 명분이 우리 시대의 또 다른 인클로저가 되고 있는 사례를 함께 검토할 것이다. 그런 후 이 지역이 현대의 민주주의와 시민권의 한계, 자본과 영토의 논리를 살펴보는 데 있어서 중요할 뿐 아니라, 현대 커먼즈 운동의 실천과 이론적 진전을 위해서도 중요하게 다루어져야 함을 역설하고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

How has the condition of an island in the Pacific, including East Asia, been and has affected the lives of people living in this area? In general, research on the commons does not typically deal with political history that goes beyond the boundaries of the region. In contrast, in the context of the history and culture of islands in the Pacific Islands, the issues of militarism, colonization and decolonization cannot be avoided. The largest factor for the privatization, commodification and militarization of the commons in the islands of the Pacific has been the expansion and colonization process of imperialism in the region since the 20th century. Therefore, in this presentation, we will look at what factors in this historical process have made possible the extensive forced migration and forced land acceptance in the islands of the Pacific. In particular, this paper examines the case of settler colonialism and military bases on the Islands in the Pacific and explore the environmental protection ignoring the issue of militarism as another case of enclosure in our time. This paper emphasizes that the history of this region is important not only to look at the logic of modern democracy and citizenship, the logic of capital and territory, but also for the practical and theoretical progress of the modern commons movement.

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