This study aims at evaluating historial cultural resource in urban areas in light of its inherent sense of cultural treasury and compatibility to territorial residents harmoniously being together emotionally, including such elements as how it function...
This study aims at evaluating historial cultural resource in urban areas in light of its inherent sense of cultural treasury and compatibility to territorial residents harmoniously being together emotionally, including such elements as how it functions in urban space.
In addition, the study, while investigating some ideas to invigorate the neighboring areas when making urban development planning, focuses on the resources of which emotional and esthetic aspects must be considered, when reimbursement for the sake of treasury conservation is made to the vicinity residents, as well as financial compensation to cover limitation of development.
The purposes of the study also includes, in the respect, estimation on factors influential to the distinguishable value of their existence at urban areas and their utilization peculiarities as well, making utmost advantage of them. In this regard, we consider 4 sample areas of cultural assets in the vicinity of Ulsan as a means that historial cultural resources must be exceptional factors in improving urban environmental improvement.
Therefore first of all examined the recent legislation imposed to historical treasury assets stipulating the scope of limitation against urban development, but also surveyed to recognize the utilization characteristics by residents. Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) is adopted to estimate economical valuation and the difference if any.
The study formulates in detail two schemes for urban activation through utilizing heritage such as; 1. a scheme of urban activation not beyond the scope of existing laws and system; 2. a scheme by way of Willingness to Pay(WTP) method mentioned above.
The results of this research are;
Firstly, the responders of a poll in a cross-sectional demographic aspect show Ulsan Dongheon the youngest, Eonyang Eup-seong, Ulsan Waeseong and Ehyujeong in order. As for 70's or more, Ulsan Waeseong gains the most while Eonyang Eup-seong can not be detectable. As for educational background, Ulsan Dongheon, Eonyang Eup-seong and Ehyujeong spread over college graduates/registers, and Ulsan Waeseong over high school graduates/registers. Similarly, as for occupation, Ulsan Dongheon, Ulsan Waeseong and Ehyujeong housewives while Eonyang Eup-seong merchandisers. As for the household income on average, Ulsan Dongheon shows 2,794,900won/m, Ulsan Waeseong 2,371,100won/m, Eonyang Eup-seong 2,809,800won/m and Ehyujeong 2,149,700won/m
Secondly, interviewees of Ulsan Dongheon and Ulsan Waeseong, as for visit frequency regarding usage characteristics, responded 2-3 times per week, Eonyang Eup-seong 2-3 times per month, and Ehyujeong per year. As for visit purpose, Ulsan Dongheon and Ulsan Waeseong are for recess or taking a walk, Eonyang Eup-seong and Ehyujeong for other reasons, while most of remainders just for passing across. In a questionnaire of how many people are accompanied, most of responders visited the heritage sites being alone. This is in accord with the purpose of visit mentioned above, in other words, those for a walk, rest, passing-across are alone without companions. As for a traffic method to visit there, most people go on foot while use of buses shows higher in Ulsan Waeseong, and use of passenger cars at Eonyang Eup-seong. More than a half need within 10 minutes to the access there.
Thirdly, in an analysis for utilization characteristics, visits by Ulsan Dongheon are not determined by age, while visiting frequency by Eonyang Eup-seong increases with more ages, proportional with Ulsan Waeseong. In case of visiting frequency by school careers the result is equivalent to that of frequency by age. In a speculation of divergence analysis on visiting purposes according to visiting frequency, Ulsan Dongheon, Ulsan Waeseong or Ehyujeong has nothing to do with visiting purposes and frequency, but Eonyang Eup-seong correlative with them. Namely, Eonyang Eup-seong is assumed the same with visiting frequency as the purpose of this group is to pass across in almost half of them.
Fourthly, 5-level calibrated points are given to responders for a measurement of users' satisfaction of how far they are satisfied with historical cultural resources as for the following seven articles; vicinity, traditional culture, trafficable easiness, rest, comfortability, guide boxes, atmosphere of the neighborhood. As a result, as for vicinity factor, most unveils not so bad, while Ehyujeong shows lower comparatively. To put this in perspective is that most of the responders are not free from the influence by heritages, and likely to take a walk for visit there. Ulsan Dongheon, in its satisfaction degree of traditional culture, only shows higher level of 3.52 points on average, while not so much appealing to heritages which have lower traditional culture in its truest sense. Of course, though admitting that all the heritages have a tint of tradition and culture, Ulsan Dongheon is worth of deserving higher level of them, but Ulsan Waeseong is deemed a park, not a historical site, as exemplified as its nomenclature of Haksung Park. As for trafficable easiness, Ulsan Dongheon and Ulsan Waeseong shows more satisfactory than Eonyang Eup-seong and Ehyujeong. At the point we assume that Ulsan Dongheon and Ulsan Waeseong have more popularity due to dense population resulting in popular traffic lines. As for such factors as guide boxes and atmosphere of the neighborhood, all of 4 areas gave rise to lower degree of satisfaction. This is because they all are located amid mixed residential and commercial areas, at least in sites affected by them. In consequence, in view of a total of points gained against each factor on average, Ulsan Dongheon(66.02), Ulsan Waeseong(65.67), Eonyang Eup-seong(42.12) and Ehyujeong(37.96).
Fifthly, based on the result that, as for WTP using average value, Ulsan Dongheon in its entrance fee shows 917won, Ulsan Waeseong 1,151won, Eonyang Eup-seong 9,415won and Ehyujeong 626won we tried to verify correlation with each descriptive variables. In case of Ulsan Dongheon, the recognition of entrance fee is higher; the more WTP; the more satisfaction in vicinity, comfortability and traditional culture; the higher income of respondents; the shorter time of access visiting there. Ulsan Waeseong is higher; the higher recognition of the value inherent to the historical cultural resources; the more satisfaction in rest; the higher records of the total satisfaction regarding seven factors; the more WTP; the lower in visiting frequency; those living in long distance areas who are male and lower aged. Eonyang Eup-seong is also higher; the more satisfaction in traditional culture; better recognition on historial cultural heritages; the higher household income. And Ehyujeong shows higher; the more satisfaction in historical culture, comfortability and vicinity; those who are male.
Sixthly, in an analysis by CVM method, we adopt Multiple Regressive Analysis through projection in each stage by using coefficients that are correlative with each other. Its result shows that as for Ulsan Dongheon is willing to pay more WTP by those who are more satisfied with vicinity and comfortability with more household income. Meanwhile, Ulsan Waeseong by those with more satisfaction in rest and guide boxes including higher educational background; Eonyang Eup-seong by those with more recognition to historical culture and more household income; Ehyujeong by those with more satisfaction in vicinity and with female gene. Monthly WTP per household is estimated 792,236won in Ulsan Dongheon, 797,890won in Ulsan Waeseong, 1,023,438won in Eonyang Eup-seong and 296,595won in Ehyujeong. Furthermore, maximum WTP per household is considered 904,461won in Ulsan Dongheon, 1,435,192won in Ulsan Waeseong and 31,991won in Eonyang Eup-seong.
Seventhly, in a poll to analyze how much value the historical culture resource has, most of all speak good of its proper functioning in a higher level than expected which means they are well recognized its importance; Ulsan Dongheon and Eonyang Eup-seong have higher level of expectation comparatively, rather than Ulsan Waeseong and Ehyujeong due to visual difference of perception in each valuation for heritages. The higher interrelation with academic careers shows increasing in order of Ulsan Dongheon, Ulsan Waeseong and Eonyang Eup-seong while having no correlation with Ehyujeong.
Eightly, when asked to what extent they hope for the restoration of treasury items and public gardening, most residents in the territory are standing for them, revealed out result. This accounts for the fact that both long-distance users and residents in the neighbor well understand the important meaning of heritages, especially in case of Eonyang Eup-seong, there reveals a lot of people hope for its urgent restoration comparatively, which related administrative authorities should consider in a prompt manner.
Ninthly, the standards for floor space index and allowable height of buildings and architecture to be constructed in sanctuary zones for heritage should separately handled taking into account each characteristics of each heritage to pave the way for urban invigoration planning with the limits of legislation. The housings in the vicinity of tangible cultural properties are under control of laws, inevitably forcing into a lower skyline, but we are sure, for example, conceptional design bridging with cultural assets in development and improvement can lead to a possible way to give more positive benefits to people. In addition to that, there are affirmative ways as follows; provision to give initiatives like incentive pay to structures with the sanctuary zones; tax privileges and/or remodelling funds in legislation rather than loose restraints or deregulation; enlargement of integrated support to foster and create historical and cultural theme-having parks like specified boulevard, traditional residential complex and so on, which afford people to enjoy them actively.
Finally, we also evaluate the aforementioned WTP could be contributive to urban vitality and invigoration, leaving a task to estimate the needed financial amount through application to TDR. The entrance charges as well as governmental restoration funds are to be used for both visitors and the neighboring residents.