The purpose of this study is to understand why North Korea discloses its nuclear weapons development through state media under Kim Jong-un's regime. It is unusual that nuclear-armed states publicly disclose their nuclear weapons developments or capabi...
The purpose of this study is to understand why North Korea discloses its nuclear weapons development through state media under Kim Jong-un's regime. It is unusual that nuclear-armed states publicly disclose their nuclear weapons developments or capabilities. Nuclear weapons development is usually strictly confidential and even if nuclear-armed states test their weapons, they do it without revealing weapons' capabilities. Weapons should not be disclosed to the enemy so that they can be strategically used in the real battle field. In the case of South Africa, the international community was not even aware of South Africa's development of nuclear weapons until it declared its possession. Israel maintains ambiguity when it comes to developing nuclear weapons, while India and Pakistan disclose their nuclear possession but do not disclose the entire process. However, North Korea under Kim Jong-un's regime is different. North Korea discloses in detail what kind of nuclear weapons they have developed and how much progress has been made. Photos and videos related to nuclear weapons test have been actively released in recent years, allowing the international community, including the United States and South Korea, to analyze North Korea's nuclear weapons developments. North Korea seems to be disclosing its nuclear weapons development process under the judgment that political and diplomatic benefits of this would be greater. North Korea is using various methods including states media to inform, both internally and externally, its nuclear weapons development. The intention is to achieve its ‘political goals’ through the development of nuclear weapons.
Kim Jong-un declared “completion of nuclear force” in November 2017, focusing on developing nuclear weapons, including nuclear tests. Such declaration shows that North Korea has the power to build its own military capabilities despite sanctions from the international community. Kim unveiled a ‘five-year plan for the development of the defense industry and the development of weapons systems’ at the 8th Party Congress in January 2021. North Korea has been revealing nuclear weapons that are under development since Kim announced the ‘five-year plan’.
This study focuses on North Korea's three state media reports (Rodong Shinmun, Korea Central News Agency, Korea Central Television), identifying characteristics of nuclear weapons related reports. And the study also analyzes what internal and external factors contributed to such state media reports utilizing these characteristics.
The study finds several characteristics of state-run media reporting about nuclear weapons. North Korea especially highlights its visual aspects by disclosing the development process of such weapons systems with photos and videos. The North disclosed the launch vehicle's test firing and training through photos and videos. Some of the photos draw public attention by highlighting Kim's achievements in nuclear arms development or Kim's paternal love for his daughter Kim Joo-ae. And the North reveals certain information in a covert way, exposing specific information intentionally. In the case of videos, Kim Jong-un appears like the main character in a movie, with fancy editing skills.
Such propaganda of nuclear weapons helps “image politics” to publicize the Kim Jong-un regime and seeks to become a “normal nuclear state”, justifying the North's possession of nuclear weapons. The bottom line is that these characteristics can be seen as a means of "image politics" to solidify Kim Jong-un's regime. In addition, the North has continuously shown its justification for the possession of nuclear weapons through state-run media. He continued to emphasize to the media that it is a “nuclear state” and use the logic of a “normal state” possessing nuclear weapons.