自生春蘭의 忠南地域 分布, 生態 및 形態的 特性과 葉變異體의 chimera的 特性

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라 自生春蘭을 理解하고, 앞으로 觀賞價値가 큰 春蘭開發 및 保存에 필요한 基礎資料를 얻고자 忠南地域에서 自生春蘭의 分布와 自生地 環境 및 生態 調査하고, 葉變異體의 主要 形質인 葉育細胞의 形態的 特性 및 chimera的 特性 등에 관하여 遂行한 硏究의 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다.
1. 自生春蘭의 分布가 많은 地域은 安眠島를 中心으로 하여 保寧, 泰安, 瑞山, 洪城地域 順이었고, 內陸地域인 靑陽, 禮山地域도 比較的 分布가 많았으며 점차 그 分布가 擴大되고 있는 傾向이었다.
2. 自生春蘭의 忠南地域 分布程度는 緯度와는 有意相關이 없었으나, 經度와는 -0.329**(n=172, p<0.01)로 負의 有意相關을 나타내었다.
3. 春蘭 自生에 크게 影響을 주는 氣像要素인 1월 중순 最低 平均氣溫을 海岸地域인 瑞山과 保寧이 各各 -6.8℃, -6.6℃로 內陸地域인 錦山, 儒城의 -8.8℃, -9.6℃보다 높았고, -8℃ 以下의 累積日數는 瑞山, 保寧이 1 ~ 2日인데 比하여 錦山, 儒城은 30日 以上이었으며, 春蘭自生의 限界溫度는 -8℃ 程度로 推定되었다.
4. 自生地의 土壤酸度는 5.33 ~ 5.43 사이였고, 腐葉의 酸度는 4.86으로 比較的 낮았으며, 自生地의 森林植生은 소나무와 상수리나무가 上層林을 이루었고, 그 밑에 灌木의 平均 個體數가 25㎡當 34.3個로 密生하였다.
5. 春蘭의 自生位置는 海岸地域은 海風이 直接 닿지 않는 東, 西, 南向이었고, 內陸地域은 東南 또는 西南向의 높은 山 깊은 溪谷 및 貯水池 周邊의 腐葉量이 많은 特定地域이었다.
6. 自生地 春蘭의 生育特性은 平均 草長이 38.5cm였고, 葉幅은 1cm 未滿 되는 것이 一般的이었으며, 海風이 直接 닿는 西쪽 方向에서 變異係數가 높게 나타났다.
7. 自生狀態에서 春蘭 幼植物體의 形成은 根耕 끝에서 直接 分化되는 경우와 根莖에서 몇 個의 마디가 形成되다가 幼植物體가 分化되는 경우가 觀察되었다.
8. 自生春蘭의 꽃은 株當 花莖數가 平均 3.60개였고, 1個 花莖當 2個의 꽃이 開花한 株는 7.14%였으며, 花莖長은 平均 17.18cm였고, 꽃의 가로幅과 세로幅은 平均 57.10, 32.55mm로 가로幅에 대한 세로幅의 比率은 약 57%였다.
9. 꽃의 主瓣, 副瓣, 捧心, 舌瓣, 鼻頭의 크기는 多樣하였으며, 꽃피기 形態는 大部分이 平肩피기로 71.4%였고, 落肩피기는 20%, 其他 8.57%였고, 花色은 짙은 綠色에서 노란빛 軟豆色까지 多樣하였으나, 自生狀態에서는 엷은 綠色이 41.43%로 가장 많았다.
10. 葉幅은 主·副瓣幅, 捧心幅, 鼻頭幅에 正의 相關關係가 認定되었고, 가로花幅과 세로花幅은 꽃잎의 길이(主·副瓣長, 捧心長)에 正의 相關關係를 나타내었다.
11. 春蘭 朔果의 길이는 55.70 ± 8.10mm, 直徑 18.63 ± 2.84mm, 무게 4.70 ± 1.51g 程度였고, 朔果當 種子의 무게는 432.09 ± 202.86mg 程度로 朔果무게 對 種子무게의 比率은 9.2%로 극히 적었다.
12. 葉變異體의 잎에 무늬를 나타내는 葉育細胞는 葉綠體를 가지고 綠色細胞와 葉綠體가 缺如된 白色細胞 및 綠色과 白色細胞가 混合된 混合細胞로 形成되는데, 이들 細胞의 存在形態에 따라 잎무늬가 다르게 나타났다.
13. 葉變異體의 周綠chimera的 특성은 總 27가지 形態로 分類하였는데, 그 中에서 GGG는 正常的인 식물체이고, GWW는 속빛무늬, GWG는 속줄무늬, MGG는 끝살무늬, MMM은 빛살무늬, WGG는 갓줄무늬, WWW는 노랑이 形態로 分類하였다.
14. 葉變異體의 區分chimera는 잎의 一部分에 무늬가 나타나는 한쪽 무늬의 形態로 分流하였고, 混合chimera는 模樣班으로 안개무늬, 얼룩무늬, 그물무늬의 形態로 分流되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

These studies were carried out to investigate the distributions and to understand the ecological and the morphological characteristics, and the chimeral characteristics of leaf variegation on wild Cymbidium wirescens Lindl in Chung-nam, Korea. Anmyun island, Poryeong, Taean, Seosan, and Hongseong in the western area were shown to be well adapted areas of C. virescens. In addition, Cheongyang and Yesan, mountainous areas, showed much increased distributions of C. virescens. Both latitude and habitat degree of C. virescens were very significantly correlated but both longitude and habitat degree were not significantly correlated. Minimum air temperature of mid-January, an important meteorological element limiting growth of C. virescens, was higher in Seosan and Poryeong showing -6.8℃, -6.6℃, respectively than Keumsan and Yuseong showing -8.8℃, -9.6℃, respectively. Total number of days showing temperature below -8℃ was 1 to 2 days at Secsan and Poryeong, and was more than 30 days at Keumsan and Yuseong. The lowest minimum air temperature of mid-January on habitat of c. virescens might be a -8℃. The pH of the soils collected the habitat areas of C. virescens was from 5.33 to 5.40, but the humus showed pH 4.86. Tall trees, Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima, were observed to dominate in the well adapted areas of C. virescens, and density of shrubs were shown average 34.3 plants in 25㎡ at mountain Jogae. Wild C. virescens could be observed much more frequently in the seashore areas that run East, West and South, and was well adapted at the areas having a heavy accumulation of falling leaves around valleies and reservoirs. The plant height of wild C. virescens was 38.5cm on average and the leaf width was below 1cm. In the well adapted areas, the young shoot was directly emerged from rhizome tip, and occasionally was forming several nodes before emerging. No. of flower stem per plant was 3.60 on average and frequency of two flower per plant was shown to be 7.14%. Length of flower stem was 17.18cm on average. Width and length of flower were shown to be 57.10, 32.55mm on average, respectively and ratio of length about width were calculated to be 57%. The size of dorsal, lateral, petal, lip, and column was variousness. Among flower type, horizontal, drooped, and other were shown to be 71.43, 20.00, and 7.14%, respectively. Dark green, green, bright green, yellowish green, and bright yellowish green of flower color in the habitat areas were shown to be 2.86%, 32.86%, 41.43%, 15.71%, and 7.14%, respectively, Leaf width showed a significant positive correlation with width of dorsal, lateral, petal and column, and both width and length of flower were also significantly positive correlated with flower length(length of dorsal lateral and petal). Length, diameter, fresh weight of capsule were shown to be 55.6 ± 8.1mm, 18.6 ± 2.8mm, and 4.70 ± 1.52g, respectively. The weight of total seed per capsule was shown to be 432.1 ± 202.9mg.
The microscopic observation of mesophyll cell from variegated leaf in C. virescens indicated that the green cell contained chloroplast but white cell lacked chloroplast. Mixed tissues consisted of both green and white cells. The combination of these cells may form various variegated leaves in C. virescens.
Paidinal chimeras of various variegated leaves in C. virescens could be classified into 27 types. GGG was corre from normal leaf type. GWW and GWG could describe leaf type of large central pellucidity streak, and streak between margianl and central, MGG and MMM could describe leaf type of top mixed streak, and whole mixed streak. WGG and WWW could define leaf type of marginal streak, and whole pellucidity. It appeared that sectorial chimeras of variegated leaves in C. virescens could be due to one-side variegation of leaf, and mosaic chimeras of variegated leaves might classify into 3 forms, foggy mosaic, mosaic, and mosaic with dot and/or net.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 國文要約 = i
• 感謝의 글 = iv
• LIST OF TABLES = vii
• LIST OF FIGURES = xi
• I. 緖言 = 1
• II. 硏究史 = 3
• III. 材料 및 方法 = 8
• 1. 忠南地域 自生春蘭의 分布 = 8
• 1.1 分布調査 = 8
• 1.2 分布程度 및 分布圖 = 8
• 2. 自生地의 環境 = 9
• 2.1 氣像環境 = 9
• 2.2 土壤環境 = 9
• 2.3 森林植生 = 10
• 3. 生態的 特性 = 10
• 3.1 自生位置 = 10
• 3.2 生育特性 = 10
• 3.3 根莖發芽 및 根의 分布 = 11
• 3.4 꽃의 特性 = 11
• 3.5 朔果의 特性 = 11
• 4. 葉變異體의 caimera的 特性 = 12
• 4.1 葉育細胞의 特性 = 12
• 4.2 caimera的 特性 = 12
• IV. 結果 및 考察 = 13
• 1. 忠南地域 自生春蘭의 分布 = 13
• 1.1 西部海岸地域 = 13
• 1.2 內陸山間地域 = 16
• 1.3 分布程度 및 分布圖 = 18
• 2. 自生地의 環境 = 22
• 2.1 氣像環境 = 22
• 2.2 土壤環境 = 33
• 2.3 森林植生 = 34
• 3. 生態的 特性 = 38
• 3.1 自生位置 = 38
• 3.2 生育特性 = 39
• 3.3 根莖發芽 및 根의 分布 = 41
• 3.4 꽃의 特性 = 43
• 3.5 朔果의 特性 = 49
• 4. 葉變異體의 caimera的 特性 = 51
• 4.1 葉育細胞의 特性 = 51
• 4.2 caimera的 特性 = 57
• V. 綜合考察 = 66
• VI. 參考文獻 = 73
• ABSTRACT = 80