실적주의 기반 지역인재 등용책으로서의 조선시대 외방별시에 대한 탐색적 실증 연구: 과거성적, 가문, 최종관직의 특징을 중심으로 = An Exploratory Empirical Study on the Oebangbyeolsi as a Meritocracy-Based Local Talent Recruitment Policy in the Joseon Dynasty: Focus on Examination Achievement, Family Background, and Terminal Bureaucratic Rank

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explores the implementation of the Oebangbyeolsi (special regional civil service examination) in the Joseon Dynasty, focusing on its role as a proactive institutional measure for recruiting regional talent. It aims to reveal the meritocratic nature embedded in the Oebangbyeolsi system. First, based on historical records of Oebangbyeolsi examinations and successful candidates, an exploratory statistical analysis was conducted on various contextual factors—such as the timing, region, and ruling monarch of the examination—as well as candidate characteristics, including family background, examination performance, and final official position. Second, the study empirically examined the relationship between candidates' past examination performance and their final positions (in terms of both rank and organizational affiliation) to assess whether the system operated on meritocratic principles. The findings show that the Oebangbyeolsi was frequently held in remote or less accessible regions—such as the northern frontier areas, Ganghwa, Onyang, and Jeonju— providing equitable entry opportunities for regional talent. Furthermore, individuals with higher examination scores tended to be promoted to higher-ranking positions and served in more prestigious institutions, supporting the notion that the Oebangbyeolsi functioned as a performance-based recruitment system. These historical insights suggest that the Oebangbyeolsi served as a fair and inclusive institutional mechanism, enabling the selection of capable individuals from diverse social backgrounds to contribute effectively to both central and local governance.