This study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of police officers' disaster response capabilities on organizational citizenship behavior and to analyze whether self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between the two variables...
This study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of police officers' disaster response capabilities on organizational citizenship behavior and to analyze whether self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between the two variables. Recently, the disaster environment has been evolving into a form where natural and social disasters occur in combination; accordingly, police officers are required to possess integrated response capabilities, such as rapid situational judgment, inter-agency cooperation, on-site control, and the ability to apply manuals. In this context, this study constructed an integrated analytical framework by establishing disaster response capabilities as an antecedent factor promoting organizational citizenship behavior and self-efficacy as a psychological condition moderating that relationship.
Disaster response capabilities were composed of situational judgment ability, crisis decision-making ability, on-site leadership and command ability, ability to coordinate cooperation with related agencies, and the ability to understand and apply disaster manuals. Self-efficacy was categorized into confidence in problem-solving, sense of control over work performance, belief in task performance, and belief in overcoming crisis situations. Organizational citizenship behavior was defined as altruism, sincerity, civic spirit, and courtesy. Data were collected from 457 police officers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity analysis, regression analysis, and moderation analysis were conducted using SPSS and PROCESS Macro.
The analysis results showed that disaster response capability had a partially significant influence on organizational citizenship behavior, with situational judgment ability and the ability to understand and apply disaster manuals identified as key factors. Within the sub-dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, situational judgment ability and stress management had a significant influence on altruism, conscientiousness, and civic spirit, while the ability to coordinate cooperation with related agencies showed a positive influence on courtesy. Furthermore, self-efficacy exhibited a significant moderating effect on the relationship between disaster response capability and organizational citizenship behavior, and all of its sub-factors were confirmed to function as moderating variables. In particular, groups with high self-efficacy showed a tendency for the positive effects of disaster response capability to be reinforced or the negative effects to be mitigated.
These results demonstrate that disaster response capabilities not only directly promote organizational citizenship behavior but also that its influence is moderated through the psychological factor of self-efficacy. Therefore, to enhance the disaster response capabilities of the police organization, it is necessary to implement strategies to boost self-efficacy—including confidence in problem-solving and belief in overcoming crises—in parallel with capacity building focused on situational judgment and manual application skills. This is expected to revitalize organizational citizenship behavior and ultimately contribute to improving the quality of public services and citizen trust.