임신성 당뇨와 임신성 내당능장애에 관한 연구 = A Study on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Some of the most common metabolic disorders that are complicated by pregnancy are gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired gluscose tolerance (GIGT). Many studies on GDM and GIGT have been conducted actively in or outside of Korea recently. This study was conducted to compare maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in groups of GDM or GIGT with normal pregnant women, and on 759 pregnant women delivered at the one of general hospitals in Daegu city during the period of July 1, 2001, through June 31, 2003.
We performed 50gm oral glucose tolerance test (50gm GTT) to screen GIGT and GDM in 759 pregnant women at 24~28 weeks of gestation. Among 181 women with plasma glucose level over 140mg/dl in 50gm GTT, 179 women underwent 100gm oral glucose tolerance test (100gm GTT) and National Diabetes Data Group thresholds were used to diagnose GIGT and GDM. We also examined and analysed some maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes retrospectively in groups of GDM, GIGT, and normal pregnant women. T-test was used to determine the statistical significance.
The prevalence of GIGT and GDM was 19.1% and 4.5%, respectively. The prevalence of GDM in pregnant women with over than 150mg/dl was 4 times higher than in pregnant women with 140~149mg/dl in 50gm GTT. The average age of GIGT women and GDM women was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women(P<0.05). The prevalence of GIGT and GDM in pregnant women aged over 30 was 67.6%, 72.7%, respectively.
The prevalence of GDM in pregnant women with parity over 3 in GDM group was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women(P<0.05). In relationship between GDM prevalence and blood types of pregnant women, the pregnant women with A blood type showed the highest prevalence in GDM(66.7%). The frequency of overweight newborn in the GDM group was two times higher than that in the GIGT or normal group.
One of the most common metabolic disorders that is complicated by pregnancy is GDM and pregnancy complicated with GDM showed poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Therefore 50gm GTT must be taken in all Korean pregnant women at 24~28 weeks of gestation as well as in all foreign pregnant women.