Problem solving : current issues

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = 10
• Introduction = 11
• How to use this guide = 12
• Part I Introduction to Problem Solving = 13
• 1 Introduction = 15
• 1.1 Getting started on problem solving = 16
• 1.2 Well-defined and ill-defined problems = 19
• 2 Analysing problem structures = 23
• 2.1 State space analysis = 23
• 2.2 Isomorphic and homomorphic problems = 26
• 3 Analysis of problem solving = 31
• 3.1 Problem representations = 34
• 4 Transfer of problem-solving skills = 38
• 4.1 Transfer effects between well-defined problems = 38
• 5 Information-processing models of the problem solver = 41
• 5.1 Knowledge states = 42
• 5.2 The role of working memory = 43
• 5.3 Development of heuristic strategies = 46
• 5.4 Means-ends analysis = 47
• 6 Methods for studying problem solving = 49
• 6.1 Experiments = 49
• 6.2 Computer simulation models = 50
• 6.3 Protocol analysis = 51
• 7 Conclusions = 54
• Part II Analogical Problem Solving and the Development of Expertise = 57
• 1 Analogical problem solving = 59
• 1.1 Ill-defined problems = 60
• 1.2 Duncker's 'radiation' problem = 61
• 1.3 Gick and Holyoak's transfer experiments = 63
• 2 Representations of knowledge = 68
• 2.1 Levels of abstraction = 70
• 2.2 Applying old solutions to new problems = 72
• 2.3 Solution development = 73
• 2.4 Problem-solving schemas = 75
• 3 Extensions to classroom learning = 78
• 4 Developing expertise = 82
• 4.1 Novices and experts = 84
• 4.2 So, what is expertise? = 90
• 5 Learning = 91
• 5.1 Declarative and procedural knowledge = 91
• 5.2 ACT = 92
• 6 Conclusions = 96
• Part III The Experimental Analysis of Analogical Reasoning = 97
• 1 Introduction = 99
• 2 Psychometric and componential analyses of intelligence = 101
• 2.1 Psychometrics = 102
• 2.2 Componential analysis = 102
• 3 Induction = 105
• 3.1 Proportional analogies = 106
• 3.2 Geometric analogies = 108
• 3.3 People-piece analogies = 110
• 4 Componential analysis of analogical reasoning = 111
• 4.1 Sternberg's theory = 113
• 4.2 Models of reasoning strategies = 117
• 4.3 Experimental tests of models = 123
• 4.4 The role of task factors in analogical reasoning = 126
• 5 Analogical, buggy-analogical, and non-analogical solution strategies = 131
• 5.1 Analogical solutions = 131
• 5.2 Buggy-analogical solutions = 132
• 5.3 Non-analogical solutions = 133
• 5.4 Conceptual and interactive strategies = 134
• 6 Conclusions = 138
• 6.1 Recent advances = 138
• 6.2 Does analogical reasoning ability predict classroom performance? = 139
• 6.3 Complexity of learning in the classroom situation = 140
• 6.4 The importance of knowledge in analogical reasoning and analogical problem solving = 142
• Overview = 144
• Answers to SAQs = 149
• References = 154
• Index of Authors = 158
• Index of Concepts = 160