‘유토피아’를 향한 러시아 인텔리겐치아의 이상과 한계: 스토파드의 삼부작 The Coast of Utopia를 중심으로 = The Ideals for ‘Utopia' and Limitations of Russian Intelligentsia in Tom Stoppard's Trilogy The Coast of Utopia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this paper is to study the political ideals and limitations of Russian intelligentsia in the 19th century, centering on Tom Stoppard’s trilogy The Coast of Utopia. The Russian intelligentsia was armed with Western enlightenment ideals and aimed at liberating peasants from serfdom and tyranny and transforming Russia from a structural point of view. Being a thinker who inspired Stoppard to write this trilogy, Alexander Herzen is at the center of The Coast of Utopia.
Chapter 2 analyzes the situation of the 19th century Russia, described in the first play Voyage. It also includes a grasp of the Russian manor system and the serfdom system under the Tsarist regime. The serfdom system in the 19th century Russia is an important basis for explaining the structural problems of the Russian society, such as the underdevelopment of capitalist production system, the backwardness in modern industrial development, and the absence of the citizen class. Chapter 3 focuses on the exchange of thoughts among Herzen and other intelligentsia, who had left their own countries and lived in Europe. In particular, I would like to discuss how the failure of the French Revolution of 1848 influenced Herzen’s ideological journey. Chapter 4 deals with Herzen’s life in exile in the UK, his Free Russia publishing activities, and the disagreement with the ’60s Russian political theorists.
Herzen perceived the communistic elements, such as the principle of collective production and distribution, the centralization of power, and the negation of private property system, as monolithic, repressive and barbaric elements. Herzen, as well as Stankevich and Turgenev, all of whom are noble intelligentsia, was unable to sympathize with the radical ideas of communism. However, the Russian intelligentsia in 1840-50s became a good foundation for the birth of a new generation of the 1860s and further laid the foundation of the Russian communist revolution in the early 20th century.
Through the trilogy, Stoppard tries to shape a new perspective on the 19th century Russian intelligentsia, especially on Herzen. The Russian intelligentsia he depicted is a “noble” human race that chose to liberate peasants and reform the repressive Tsarist system rather than live comfortably in their own identity and property. Furthermore, Stoppard grants a keen perception to Herzen who grasped the limits of the monolithic and repressive communist revolution.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김태우, "톰 스토파드(Tom Stoppard)의 Voyage 연구" 한국현대영미드라마학회 28 (28): 87-114, 2015

2 박윤형, "러시아 정치사상사" 문예림 2000

3 오두영, "농노 소유권의 기원에 대한 러시아 史學史上의 논쟁" 인문과학연구소 34 (34): 99-122, 2007

4 Daniels, Peter, "Tom Stoppard’s The Coast of Utopia" EBSCO

5 Carr, E. H., "The Romantic Exiles" Serif 2007

6 Gessen, Keith, "The Revolutionist: The Worldly Idealist at the Heart of Stoppard’s Coast of Utopia" New Yorker

7 Bell, James, "The Grand Illusion: Finding Utopia in Stoppard’s Epic The Coast of Utopia" 27 (27): 43-59, 2010

8 O’Connor, James, "The French Revolution in Russian Intellectual Life: 1865-1905" Routledge 2009

9 Kelly, Aileen, "The Discovery of Chance: The Life and Thought of Alexander Herzen" Harvard UP 2016

10 Trigos, Ludmilla A., "The Decembrist Myth in Russian Culture" Palgrave 2009

11 Stoppard, Tom, "The Coast of Utopia" Grove 2006

12 Kelly, Aileen, "Russian Thinkers" Penguin 2008

13 Berlin, Isaiah, "Russian Thinkers" Penguin 2008

14 Moss, Stephen, "Review: Profile: Tom Stoppard"

15 Campbell, Thomas Harlan, "Reading the Gercen ‘Family Drama’: Tom Stoppard’s Shipwreck and the Discourse of English ‘Herzenism’" 61 (61): 2007

16 Alterman, Eric, "Liberalism’s Lost Libretto" The Nation

17 Lenin, V. I., "In Memory of Herzen" 18 : 25-31, 1975

18 Tucker, Herbert F., "History Played Back: In Defense of Stoppard’s Coast of Utopia" 24 (24): 149-169, 2005

19 Herzen, Alexander, "From the Other Shore and The Russian People and Socialism" Oxford UP 1979

20 Stoppard, Tom, "Arcadia" Faber & Faber 1998

21 Berlin, Isaiah, "Alexander Herzen, From the Other Shore and The Russian People and Socialism" Oxford UP 1979