The primary objective of this project is to investigate the ways in which mothers experience their motherhood in relationship to their daughters in Amis and Amiloun and William of Palerne, produced, respectively, from the thirteenth through the late f...
The primary objective of this project is to investigate the ways in which mothers experience their motherhood in relationship to their daughters in Amis and Amiloun and William of Palerne, produced, respectively, from the thirteenth through the late fourteenth century and in the early fifteenth century. One recurrent pattern witnessed in researches on mothers and daughters in medieval romances is that, while the relationship between mothers and sons, and the relationship between fathers and daughters are very often encountered in romances, the relationship between mothers and daughters are scare and, if any, fragmentary. This project starts off, by paying attentions to this unbalanced phenomenon prevailing in medieval romances and raises questions about it.
The romance as a representative popular genre and culture enjoyed a great popularity among discrete audience groups and different classes. One principal reason that may explain such popularity of the romance genre among medieval people may be the pleasure of the narrative that entails from the conflict between the group that represents the established norms and ideologies and the subaltern bodies that are marginalized and excluded from the mainstream circle. Neither male nor young, and almost always defined as the wife of husband and as the mother of son, mothers are one typical constituent of the subaltern group. However, despite their marginalized position, mothers are not like the others in the subaltern group. For they work within the dominant cultures and norms, but they at the same time have the agency to revise them. In this project, thereby, mothers are conceptualized as the agentic subjects who actualize the revisionist and utopian inclination of the romance genre.
The noble mothers in Amis and Amiloun and William of Palerne are represented as the subjects who not only facilitate the socio-economic orders of the aristocratic class but also re-imagine and reshape them. The two mothers in these romances support their daughters and acknowledge what they desire at the critical moment, in which the daughters’ desires are in conflict with the interests of the father, the family, and the society. At a first glance, these romances seem to reproduce the patriarchal ideologies prevailing in the Middle Ages, one of which is that daughters are the properties of the father, the family, and the society, so that their marriages can be arranged as a way to reinforce and extend the patriarchal power. However, the romances in truth raise questions whether it is right to consider and treat women as such, by foregrounding the mothers who, as countess and queen, refuse to identify themselves as the representatives of the system and instead align themselves with their daughters who are rebellious against the system. It is worth noting that at the end of each romance, a man, who is not from the inside of the problematic existing system but easily goes in and out of the system, is chosen and accepted as the daughter’s final suitor. The mother is the principal contributor to this arrangement. What is reaffirmed from such ending of these romances is that medieval noble mothers are not the guarantors of the patriarchal norms and benefits; instead, they are the subjects whose transgressive and revisionary agency may negotiate the established system and contribute to reshaping it into a better one to live in for the next generation as well as for themselves.
As methodologies, historical, feminist, and post-Freudian approaches will be employed to investigate the texts and the background where they are located.