팀웍 역량의 구성요인 탐색 및 진단도구 개발: 남녀 대학생을 중심으로 = Exploration of the Structure of Teamwork Competency and Development of the Teamwork Competency Scale among College Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the present study was to (1) investigate the structure of teamwork competency, (2) develop a teamwork competency scale to appraise the competency level of college students, and (3) examine gender differences in terms of the structure as well as the level of teamwork competency. The list of 104 behavioral descriptions extracted through FGI and literature review was administered to a sample of 415 college students in order to evaluate the importance of each behavior for teamwork competency as well as their own level of each competency behavior. 89 behavioral descriptions were found important for teamwork among college students. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the competency model of teamwork consists of 13 factors(consideration or caring, emotional intelligence, effective communication, creativity, feedback, cooperativeness, mediation, responsibility, activeness, information sharing, fairness, ability of data analysis, sociability), and this structure was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The college students with more experiences were higher in their level of 13 competencies than those with less experiences, supporting the construct validity of the teamwork competency scale. The results of factor analysis performed on each gender group indicated that there was no gender differences on the factor structure. However, the results of latent means analysis demonstrated that male students showed higher level of competencies than female students on 7 factors(creativity, activeness, sociability, responsibility, consideration, mediation, feedback). Finally, the limitations and future direction of the present study sere discussed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 윤정헌, "호텔기업 종사원의 셀프리더십과 팀웍 및 서비스품질의 구조적 관계" 한국인적자원관리학회 14 (14): 147-164, 2007

2 심화섭, "팀의 핵심역량과 팀 효과성에 관한 실증적 연구" 조선대학교 대학원 1999

3 이춘우, "팀역량의 구성요소모델과 측정지표 개발연구 : 선행연구문헌 검토를 중심으로" 한국인사관리학회 29 (29): 189-237, 2005

4 박희진, "팀 학습 및 교류활성기억과 팀 수행의 관계: 팀 맥락을 선행요인으로" 한국산업및조직심리학회 20 (20): 475-496, 2007

5 정태연, "팀 진단을 위한 SRM의 활용: 팀, 성별 및 개인 수준에서의 분석" 한국여성심리학회 11 (11): 345-362, 2006

6 김진호, "팀 역량이 팀 성과와 직무만족에 미치는 영향" 연세대학교 대학원 2001

7 한미희, "팀 수행에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 계획된 행동이론을 중심으로" 호서대학교 대학원 2009

8 홍세희, "청소년용 여성 진로장벽 척도의 잠재평균분석" 한국교육심리학회 19 (19): 1159-1177, 2005

9 임희정, "지식근로자 팀 효과성 통합모델: 공유인지 역할을 중심으로" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2005

10 신재호, "대기업의 팀역량과 팀원 특성과의 관계" 한국농·산업교육학회 40 (40): 199-221, 2008

11 김주환, "구조방정식모형으로 논문쓰기" 커뮤니케이션북스 2009

12 홍세희, "구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거" 19 (19): 161-177, 2000

13 윤우제, "개인의 팀웍 스킬 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구" 성균관대학교 대학원 2007

14 Sundstrom, E., "Work teams: Applications and effectiveness" 45 : 120-133, 1990

15 Costa, A. C., "Work team trust and effectiveness" 32 (32): 605-622, 2003

16 Kozlowski, S. W. Jr., "Work groups and teams in organizations" 12 : 333-375, 2003

17 Cohen, S. G., "What makes teams work: group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite" 23 (23): 239-290, 1997

18 Salas, E., "Toward an understanding of team performance and training, in Teams: Their Training and Performance" Ablex 3-29, 1992

19 Harrison, D. A., "Time, teams and task performance: changing effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on group functioning" 45 (45): 1029-1045, 2002

20 Paunonen, S. V., "The structured assessment of personality across cultures" 29 : 150-170, 1998

21 Schwarz, R. M., "The skilled facilitator: Practical wisdom for developing effective groups" Jossey-Bass 1994

22 Brannick, M. T., "The measurement of team process" 37 (37): 641-651, 1995

23 Stevens, M. J., "The knowledge, skill and requirement for teamwork: Implications for human resource management" 20 (20): 503-530, 1994

24 Williams, K. Y., "The impact of relational demography on teamwork: When majorities are in the minority" Stanford University 1999

25 Higgs, M. L., "The impact of group success-failure on motivational beliefs and attitudes: a causal model" 79 (79): 755-766, 1994

26 Cohen, S. G., "The effectiveness of self-managing teams: A quasi-experiment" 47 (47): 13-43, 1994

27 Hackman, J. R., "The design of work teams, In Handbook of Organizational Behavior" 315-342, 1987

28 Sargent, A, G., "The androgynous manager" AMACOM, A Division of American Management Associations 1981

29 Tasa, K., "The Development of collective efficacy in teams: A multilevel and longitudinal perspective" 92 (92): 17-27, 2007

30 McClelland, D. C., "Testing for Competence rather than for Intelligence" 1-14, 1973

31 Hong, S., "Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using non-western sample" 63 : 636-654, 2003

32 Hoegl, M., "Teamwork quality and the success of innovative projects: A theoretical concept and empirical evidence" 12 (12): 435-499, 2001

33 Scott, K. W., "Teams: Teamwork and team building" Prentice-Hall 1995

34 Cannon-Bowers, J. A., "Team performance and training in complex environment: Recent finding from applied research" 7 (7): 83-87, 1998

35 Klimoski, R., "Team mental model: Construct or metaphor?" 20 (20): 403-437, 1994

36 Hoegl, M., "Team member proximity and teamwork in innovative projects" 33 (33): 1153-1165, 2004

37 Guzzo, R. A., "Team effectiveness and decision-making in organizations" Jossey-Bass, Inc. 1995

38 Margerison, C., "Team competencies. Team Performance Management" 7 (7): 117-122, 2001

39 Hancock, G. R., "Structural equation modeling methods of hypothesis testing of latent variable means" 30 : 91-105, 1997

40 Green, S. B., "Structural equation modeling in clinical research, In Methods of research in clinical psychology: A handbook" Blackwell 138-175, 2003

41 Aiken, L. S., "Structural equation analyses of clinical subpopulation differences and comparative treatment outcomes: Characterizing the daily lives of drug addicts" 62 : 488-499, 1994

42 Stevens, M. J., "Staffing work teams: Development and validation of a selection test for teamwork settings" 25 (25): 207-228, 1999

43 Grossman, M., "Sex differences in the intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation" 65 : 1010-1022, 1993

44 O'Neil, H. F., "Review of workforce readiness theoretical frameworks, In Workforce readiness: Competencies and assessment" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 3-25, 1997

45 Campion, M. A., "Relations between work team characteristics and effectiveness: A replication and extension" 49 (49): 429-452, 1996

46 Campion, M. A., "Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups" 46 (46): 823-847, 1993

47 Barrick, M. R., "Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness" 83 (83): 377-391, 1998

48 Baker, D. P., "Principles for measuring teamwork skills" 34 : 469-475, 1992

49 Guzzo, R. A., "Potency in groups: Articulating a construct" 32 (32): 87-106, 1993

50 Gneezy, U., "Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences" 118 (118): 1049-1074, 2003

51 Karakowsky, L., "Perceptions of team performance: The impact of group composition and task-based cues" 19 (19): 506-525, 2004

52 Cole, D. A., "Multivariate group comparisons of variable systems: MANOVA and structural equation modeling" 114 : 174-184, 1993

53 Aburdene, P., "Megatrends for women" Villard 1992

54 Ceglarska, E., "How does culture and gender diversity impact communication in project teams" Hogskolan Kristianstad University 2008

55 Ivanova-Stenzel, R., "Gender differences in team work and team competition" Humboldt University of Berlin 2005

56 Bemmel, C. S., "Gender difference in performance under competitive pressure: evidence from a professional team sport" Erasmus University 2009

57 Pelled, L. H., "Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance" 44 : 1-28, 1999

58 Levi, D., "Evaluating team work on student project: The use of behaviorally anchored scales to evaluate student performance" 1998

59 Devine, D. J., "Do smarter teams do better? A meta-analysis of cognitive ability and team performance" 32 (32): 507-532, 2001

60 Mohrman, S. A., "Designing team-based organizations" Jossey-Bass Publishers 1995

61 Cannon-Bowers, J. A., "Defining competencies and establishing team training requirement, In Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations" Jossey -Bass 333-380, 1995

62 McGrath, R. G., "Defining and developing competence: A strategic process paradigm" 16 : 251-275, 1995

63 Bell, S. T., "Deep-level composition variables as predictors of team performance: A meta-analysis" 92 (92): 595-616, 2007

64 Thurow, L. C., "Dangerous currents" Random House 1983

65 Harris, T. C., "Components of teamwork: Impact on evaluations of contributions to work team effectiveness" 27 (27): 1694-1715, 1997

66 Spancer, L. M., "Competence at Work" John Wiley & Sons 1993

67 Bunderson, J. S., "Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity on management teams: process and performance effects" 45 (45): 875-893, 2002

68 Longenecker, C. O., "Behind the mask: The politics of employee appraisal" 1 : 183-193, 1987

69 Batholomew, K., "Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model" 61 : 226-244, 1991

70 Werner, J. M., "Applying team effectiveness framework to the performance of student case teams" 12 (12): 385-402, 2001

71 Shea, G. P., "A theory of work group effectiveness" University of Pennsylvania 1984

72 Marks, M. A., "A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes" 26 (26): 356-378, 2001

73 Druskat, V. U., "A team competency study of self-managed manufacturing teams" 1996

74 Harris, M. M., "A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer and peer-supervisor ratings" 41 (41): 43-62, 1988

75 Dickinson, T. L., "A conceptual framework for teamwork measurement, In Team performance assessment and measurement: Theory, methods, and applications" Lawrence Erlbaumn Associates 19-43, 1997

76 Horn, J. L., "A Practical guide to measurement invariance in aging" 18 : 117-144, 1992