Transfer factor calculated using dermal exposure and dislodgeable foliar residue and exposure assessment for reentry worker after pesticide application in cucumber field

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to determine the transfer factor (TF) of methidathion for cucumber harvesters in greenhouses using the dermal exposure rates (DERs) and dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) measured simultaneously in my previous works. The DERs recalculated using the reference body surface area for the Korean adult males were 31.5–1281.1 μg/h, and the DFR values were 12.1–222.5 ng/cm2 over 7 d after application. A strong correlation between the DERs and DFRs was observed, with a regression coefficient of 0.9982. The TF for cucumber harvesters in greenhouses was determined to be 6020.4 cm2/h, which was five times higher than that proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Additionally, based on TF value of methidathion, the reentry intervals (REIs) with or without personal protective equipment (PPE) were estimated for 82 pesticides registered on cucumber. The REIs with PPE, obtained from acceptable operator exposure levels and TF value, were less than 0 d, indicating the lowest risk possibility. However, REIs without PPE were estimated between 0.04 and 4.4 d for seven pesticides, including chlorothalonil, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide, fluquinconazole, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), propineb, and pyridaben. In conclusion, cucumber harvesters should wear PPE for health safety when they reenter the greenhouse to harvest cucumbers following application of pesticides.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박종섭 ; 오경재, "시설참외 및 수도작 농작업자의 농부증 비교" 한국농촌의학.지역보건학회 33 (33): 27-36, 2008

2 김은혜 ; 이혜리 ; 최훈 ; 문준관 ; 홍순성 ; 정미혜 ; 박경훈 ; 이효민 ; 김정한, "농작업자에 대한 농약 노출의 정량적 측정 방법" 한국농약과학회 15 (15): 507-528, 2011

3 김도희 ; 백윤정 ; 이주영, "농약방제복 개발규격 및 시험평가법 표준화를 위한 국내외 연구현황 분석" 한국생활과학회 25 (25): 185-205, 2016

4 이원진, "농약 노출과 건강" 한국환경보건학회 37 (37): 81-93, 2011

5 김도희 ; 이주영, "국내 농업 종사자용 농약 방제복의 보호 및 쾌적 성능평가 : 소재 및 완제품의 물리화학적 특성" 한국지역사회생활과학회 31 (31): 559-573, 2020

6 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, "Statistical yearbook of agriculture, food and rural affairs" 2021

7 Rural Development Administration, "Standard for Pesticide Registration, Administrative Rule of Pesticide Management Act (Notification 2022-04, Revised 2022.03.08, Date of Enforcement 2022.03.08)"

8 US Environmental protection agency, "Science advisory council for exposure (ExpoSAC) policy 3"

9 Choi H, "Risk assessment of human exposure to cypermethrin during treatment of mandarin fields" 50 : 437-442, 2006

10 최훈 ; 김정한, "Risk and exposure assessment for agricultural workers during treatment of cucumber with the fungicide fenarimol in greenhouses" 한국응용생명화학회 61 (61): 1-6, 2018

11 Ji-Youn Byoun ; 최훈 ; 문준관 ; Hee-Won Park ; 유광현 ; Yang-Bin Ihm ; Byeoung-Soo Park ; Jeong-Han Kim, "Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Methidathion during Harvest of Cucumber in Green House" 한국독성학회 21 (21): 297-301, 2005

12 Amoatey P, "Occupational exposure to pesticides and associated health effects among greenhouse farm workers" 27 : 22251-22270, 2020

13 US Environmental Protection Agency, "Occupational and residential exposure test guidelines, OPPTS 875. 1000, EPA 712-C-96–261"

14 Whitmyre GK, "Occupational and residential exposure assessment for pesticides" Wiley 45-69, 2005

15 Thompson B, "Identifying constituents to participate in a project to control pesticide exposure in children of farmworkers" 109 : 443-448, 2001

16 Xie Y, "Health status among greenhouse workers exposed to different levels of pesticides : a genetic matching analysis" 10 : 8714-, 2020

17 Jiang W, "Harvesters in strawberry fields : a literature review of pesticide exposure, an observation of their work activities, and a model for exposure prediction" 27 : 391-397, 2017

18 Vercruysse F, "Exposure assessment of professional pesticide users during treatment of potato fields" 55 : 467-473, 1999

19 Eunhye Kim ; 문준관 ; Hoon Choi ; Su-Myoung Hong ; Dong-Hyuk Lee ; Hyomin Lee ; 김정한, "Exposure and Risk Assessment of Insecticide Methomyl for Applicator during Treatment on Apple Orchard" 한국응용생명화학회 55 (55): 95-100, 2012

20 Korpalski S, "Dislodgeable foliar residues are lognormally distributed for agricultural re-entry studies" 15 : 160-163, 2005

21 최훈 ; 김정한 ; Ji-Youn Byoun, "Determination of Reentry Interval for Cucumber Harvesters in Greenhouse after Application of Insecticide Methidathion" 한국응용생명화학회 56 (56): 465-467, 2013

22 Zweig G, "Dermal exposure to carbaryl by strawberry harvesters" 32 : 1232-1236, 1984

23 Lanning CL, "Correlation of actual strawberry harvester exposure with that predicted from abamectin dislodgeable foliar residues" 46 : 2340-2345, 1998

24 Choi H, "Assessment of the exposure of workers to the insecticide imidacloprid during application on various field crops by a hand-held power sprayer" 61 : 10642-10648, 2013

25 Kasiotis KM, "Assessment of field re-entry exposure to pesticides: a dislodgeable foliar residue study" 596–597 : 178-186, 2017