한-유네스코 과학 분야 협력방안 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

I. 연구 배경 및 목적
1. 연구 배경 및 필요성
?한국의 UNESCO 가입 70주년 맞이 한-UNESCO 협력 강화 계기 마련 필요
?STI for SDGs 개념 확산에 따른 UNESCO 및 개발도상국 내 과학 분야 역할의 중요성 확산
? 전략적인 과학기술 외교 추진을 위한 국제협력 필요성 부각
2. 연구 목적 및 범위
?연구 최종목표
? UNESCO 회원국 과학 분야 중점협력 현황 및 특성 도출
? 한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 강화를 위한 방안 마련
?연구 범위
? 한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 방안 도출을 위해 본 연구는 1) UNESCO 본부 및 한국
위원회 활동 현황, 2) UNESCO 과학 분야 사업 및 협력 현황, 3) 한-UNESCO 과학
분야 협력 방안으로 구성하여 연구를 수행
II. 연구 내용
1. UNESCO 및 UNESCO 한국위원회 개관
?UNESCO 개관
? 본래 교육 및 문화 기구로 논의 되던 UNESCO는 국가 간 과학적 교류의 중요성을
강조하면서 1945년 공식 설립
- 교육, 자연과학, 인문사회과학, 문화, 정보커뮤니케이션 분야를 다루며, 총회와 집행이사회를
개최함으로써 협약, 권고, 선언 등의 국제규범을 통해 회원국이 준수할 규칙을 규정
? 2019년 기준 교육 분야(30%)에 가장 많은 예산을 배정하고 있으며, 그 다음으로 문
화 분야(14%), 현장사무소 지원(10%), 및 과학 분야(9%) 순으로 배정
- 정규예산 이외에 국가마다 지출하는 자발적 기여금을 통하여 많은 사업을 집행 중인데, 대한
민국은 2019년도 자발적 기여금 규모가 스웨덴에 이어 2위를 차지함
?UNESCO 한국위원회 개관
? UNESCO 한국위원회는 UNESCO 관련 분야의 국제적 교류와 협력을 지원함으로써
국가 간, 문화 간 상호 이해와 친선을 증진하고 문화와 지식을 널리 확산시켜 세계평
화와 인류의 복리 증진에 기여하기를 목표로 함
- 우리나라는 정부 간 위원회, 전문가 위원회, 세계자연유산, 카테고리 2센터, 석좌(Chair) 프로
그램, UNITWIN 등의 다양한 프로그램을 통해 UNESCO와 협력
2. UNESCO 과학 분야 이슈 및 현황
?UNESCO 과학 분야 개관
? UNESCO 과학 분야는 수자원, 해양 및 생태, 지구, 기초과학 분야의 주요 국제 프로
그램을 개최하고, 개발도상국, 특히 아프리카에 중점을 두고 있음
- 또한 과학 내 양성평등을 보장하고, 범 분야 주제로 자연재해 감소, 생물다양성, 공학, 과학교
육, 기후 변화, 군소 섬 개발도상국들의 지속가능한 발전이 포함됨
? 국제 과학 프로그램(The International Science Programmes)은 과학 분야에서
UNESCO의 업무를 실행하는 데 핵심적인 역할을 수행함
- 정부 간 수문학 프로그램(IHP), 인간과 생물권 프로그램(MAB), 국제 지구과학 및 지질공원
프로그램(IGGP), 국제 기초과학 프로그램 (IBSP)
? 과학 분야 지역 사무소는 총 5개가 있으며, 아태지역 과학 사무소는 자카르타에 위치
하여 역내 지속가능한 발전을 위한 과학 육성에 이바지함
- 과학 부문 내 과학 정책 및 역량 강화, 자연재해 위험 감소, 수자원 및 환경과학 관련 사업을
주로 하고 있으며, 특히 일본 신탁기금(JFIT) 사업을 통해 과학외교 역할을 진행중
? 과학 분야 예산은 2020-2021 확정 예산 기준, 과학정책역량 구축 부문이 가장 큰
부문을 차지하고, 그 다음으로 수과학 부문, 생태과학 부문을 차지함
- 그러나 과학정책역량 구축 부문 예산은 정규예산(2,703,700 US달러)에 비해 자발적 기여
(15,583,100 US달러) 금액이 5.7배에 달하며 자발적 기여금으로 기금을 충당하고 있음
?UNESCO 과학 분야 활동 현황
? UNESCO 과학 분야 중기전략(2014-2021) 및 사업계획(2018-2019)에 따르면 과학
분야 사업은 3가지 주요활동(Main Line of Action)으로 구분됨
- 주요활동 1 : 기초과학, 기술 및 혁신을 포함한 과학과 지속가능발전을 위한 지식 강화
- 주요활동 2 : 자연자원의 지속가능한 관리, 재해위험 경감, 기후변화 행동을 위한 과학 발전
- 주요활동 3 : 물 안보 성취를 위한 모든 단계에서 역량 강화 및 지식 개선
? 본 연구에서는 주요활동 1 내 기대성과(ER, Expected Result)에 해당하는 정규사업
및 자발적 기여 사업 명단을 UNESCO 오픈데이터를 통해 작성하였음
- 기대성과 1 : 포괄적 STI 정책 및 지식 시스템 개발 및 모니터링
- 기대성과 2 : 회원국의 과학기술혁신(STI)의 창생?전파?활용을 위한 제도적?인적 역량 증대
- 기대성과 3 : 군소 섬 개발도상국(SIDS) 등의 현지 지식 시스템 결집 및 과학과의 시너지
구축
? 최근 이슈와 관련하여 UNESCO에서는 COVID-19 대응을 위한 주요 3대 축을 마련
하고, 범정부 차원 공조를 통하여 오픈 사이언스 홍보와 국제협력 강화를 위한 논의
를 주관하고 있음
?한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 현황
? 우리나라의 UNESCO 협력 현황은 교육과 문화 분야 사업에의 기여가 대다수를 차지
하고 과학 분야에의 지원은 미미한 상태로, 과학 분야에 특화된 자발적 기여 사업이
부재함
? 우리나라의 주요 UNESCO 과학 분야 활동 현황은 국제 지구과학 프로그램
(International Geoscience Programme, IGCP)와 카테고리Ⅱ센터인 물 안보 국
제연구교육센터를 중점적으로 살펴봄
III. 연구 결과 및 기대효과
1. UNESCO 과학 분야 협력의 필요성
?거버넌스 측면
? UNESCO는 과학 및 공학 분야와 관련한 정규사업을 운영하는 UN 전문기구로,
UNESCO와의 과학 및 공학 분야 협력은 곧 UN의 SDGs 달성을 위한 여러 이니셔티
브에 참여할 수 있는 과학외교 채널이라 할 수 있음
? 한국은 자발적 기여를 통해 UNESCO 과학 분야의 3개 부문 중 주로 수과학부문과
생태과학 부문과의 협력해왔으며 과학정책·역량 구축 부문과의 협력이 부족했음
- 유네스코의 COVID-19 대응을 위한 주요 3대 축 중 하나를 국제과학협력(International
scientific cooperation)으로 가져가고 있음
?예산 측면
? 2019년 3월 유네스코 한국위원회에서 열린 자발적 기여 검토회의에서 UNESCO 본
부 관계자의 브리핑에 따르면 ‘과학기술혁신(STI)’부문으로 기대성과 1: STI 정책과
혁신에 대한 역량개발 달성을 위해 280만 US 달러가 필요함을 밝힘
?사업 측면
? K-방역에 대한 한국의 위상이 높아져 있는 만큼 COVID-19 대응 차원의 자발적 기
여 사업을 통해 UNESCO 과학 분야 내 한국의 영향력을 높일 수 있을 것임
- 자발적 기여 사업의 성공적인 운영을 통하여 향후 카테고리 2센터의 설립 당위성을 높이고
지속가능한 UNESCO와의 과학협력의 발판 역할을 할 수 있을 것임
? 전문가 파견을 통하여 UNESCO 과학 분야 내 부족한 한국인 인력 문제 해결에 기여
하고, 원활한 사업관리와 지속적인 네트워크 형성의 발판을 마련할 수 있을 것임
2. 한-UNESCO 과학기술 협력 활성화를 위한 전략 방안 마련
?(단기) UNESCO 과학기술혁신 역량 강화를 위한 신탁기금 사업 구성
? UNESCO 과학 분야 내 협력 수요를 충족하고, 회원국의 STI 역량 강화에 기여하고
자 대 UNESCO 과학 분야 협력을 위한 국내외 기반을 구축할 것임
?UNESCO 과학기술혁신 전문가 파견
? 국제사회의 지속가능한 발전에 대한 한국의 STI 전문성을 기여하는 기회로 활용
?(중장기) 지속가능한 발전을 위한 과학기술혁신 (STI for SD) 역량개발 카테고리Ⅱ센터
설립
? UNESCO 회원국의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 STI 역량 강화 목적 사업을 고도화 및
확대하기 위하여 카테고리Ⅱ센터를 설립하고자 함
- 자발적기여 사업으로 마련된 기반을 좀 더 체계적으로 활용하고 협력 사업을 지속하기 위함

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요 약 ·············································································································································· i
• Summary ····································································································································· iv
• I. 서론 ···································································································································· 1
• 제1절 연구 배경 및 필요성 ··········································································································1
• 제2절 연구 목적 및 범위 ··············································································································3
• 1. 연구 목적 ······························································································································3
• 2. 연구 범위 ······························································································································3
• Ⅱ. UNESCO 현황 ············································································································· 4
• 제1절 UNESCO 개관 ···················································································································4
• 1. 임무 및 역사 ·························································································································4
• 2. 거버넌스 ·······························································································································5
• 3. UNESCO 운영자원 ·············································································································10
• 제2절 UNESCO 한국위원회 개관 ·······························································································13
• 1. 임무 및 역사 ·······················································································································13
• 2. 거버넌스 ·····························································································································13
• 3. 핵심 사업 ····························································································································14
• 4. 협력 이슈 분석 ···················································································································15
• 5. 국내 Category II Centers ································································································17
• Ⅲ. UNESCO 과학 분야 이슈 및 현황 ········································································ 18
• 제1절 UNESCO 과학 분야 개관 ································································································18
• 1. 조직 구성과 구조 ··············································································································18
• 2. 임무와 전략 ·······················································································································28
• 3. 과학 분야 예산 ···················································································································31
• 제2절 UNESCO 과학 분야 활동 현황 ························································································33
• 1. UNESCO 본부 과학 분야 사업현황 ····················································································33
• 2. 과학기술 정책의 역량개발 ·································································································52
• 3. 최근 이슈 동향 ···················································································································55
• 제3절 자발적 기여 사업 분야 ·····································································································63
• 1. 자발적 기여 사업 구성 및 절차 ··························································································63
• 2. 과학 분야 자발적 기여 사업 현황 ·······················································································67
• 3. 일본 신탁기금 프로그램 ····································································································93
• 4. 중국 신탁기금 프로그램 ····································································································99
• 제4절 UNESCO 과학 분야 Category II Center 현황 ····························································100
• 1. 과학 분야 Category II Center 현황 ···············································································100
• 2. Category II Center 설립 요건 및 절차 ··········································································100
• 3. Category II Center 사례 1: CISTRAT ··········································································104
• 4. Category II Center 사례 2: ISTIC ················································································112
• Ⅳ. 한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 현황 및 전략 ······················································· 116
• 제1절 한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 현황 ·················································································116
• 1. 우리나라의 UNESCO 과학 분야 기여 현황 ······································································116
• 2. 우리나라의 주요 UNESCO 과학 분야 활동 현황 ·····························································118
• 3. 한-UNESCO 협력 현황의 문제점 ·····················································································131
• 제2절 유네스코와의 협력 필요성 ······························································································134
• 1. 유네스코 과학 분야의 특성 ·······························································································134
• 2. 유네스코 과학 분야 협력의 필요성 ·················································································138
• 제3절 전략적 방안 ····················································································································147
• Ⅴ. 한-UNESCO 과학 분야 협력 방안 ····································································· 149
• 제1절 자발적 기여 사업 방안 ···································································································149
• 1. 배경 ··································································································································149
• 2. 추진체계도 ························································································································151
• 3. 사업 제안서 ······················································································································155
• 제2절 카테고리 Ⅱ센터 설립 ·····································································································156
• 1. 과학기술 정책분야 카테고리 Ⅱ센터 설립 ·······································································156
• 참고문헌 ································································································································161
• [부록 1] 2020-2021 유네스코 사업예산 자연과학 분야 5억 3460만 달러($534.6M) 기반
• 통합 예산 ···················································································································164
• [부록 2] 2020년도 UNESCO 사업예산 자료 ··········································································167
• [부록 3] 과학 분야 주요 프로그램(MP II) 기대성과와 관련 성과 지표에 관한 추가 정보 ··············
• ·················································································································································168
• [부록 4] 유네스코 카테고리Ⅱ센터 명단 ····················································································170
• [부록 5] 일본 수재해 및 위험관리 국제센터(International Center for Water Hazard and
• Risk Management, ICHARM) ·················································································182
• [부록 6] 자발적기여 사업 제안서(Concept Note) 국문 및 영문본 ··········································186
• [부록 7] 유네스코 본부 과학정책 국장 인터뷰 회의록 ····························································188
• [부록 8] UNESCO 오픈사이언스 권고안 국내 협의회 회의록 ··················································192
• [부록 9] UNESCO 오픈사이언스 권고안(초안) 요약본 ····························································200
• [부록 10] UNESCO AI (인공지능) 윤리 권고안(초안) 요약본 ··················································217