인지부하가 오기억에 미치는 영향 = The effects of cognitive load on accurate and false memories

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study examined the effects of cognitive load at encoding on accurate and false memories. In two experiments using the DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) procedure, participants were assigned to either a cognitive load condition in which they performed an additional task while studying the presented word or a condition which they just learned the presented word. Free recall tests and a recognition test were administered in both experiment. In the second experiment participants were retested on the recognition test after a week. The results indicated that cognitive load at encoding had different effects on accurate and false memories. Cognitive load at encoding resulted in the reduction of accurate recall and accurate recognition whereas it increased false recall and false recognition. Accurate recognition of presented words decreased but false recognition of critical lures increased over a one-week delay. There was a significant interaction of time delay and cognitive load. These results support the dual-process approach including the fuzzy trace hypothesis and the activation/monitoring hypothesis, suggesting the underlying processes of accurate and false memories are different.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) 절차를 사용해서 학습 단계에서 부과된 인지부하가 정확기억과 오기억에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 두 실험에서 참가자들은 단어 학습과 추가적인 과제를 동시에 수행하였으며, 이를 단어학습만 한 통제조건과 비교하였다. 학습 후 자유회상검사와 재인검사가 실시되었으며 실험 2에선 일주일 지연 후 재인검사가 다시 실시되었다. 연구 결과 인지부하가 정확기억과 오기억에 서로 다른 영향을 준다는 것이 발견되었다. 학습 단계에서의 인지부하는 제시된 단어의 정확한 회상과 재인을 감소시켰지만, 제시되지 않은 관련 주제어를 제시된 것으로 잘못 기억하는 오회상과 오재인을 증가시켰다. 지연 재인검사 결과 정확기억은 감소한 반면 오기억은 증가하였다. 시간 지연은 실험조건과 상호작용 효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정확기억과 오기억이 서로 다른 처리에 기초한다는 이중처리 접근을 지지한다. 이중처리 접근의 대표적인 가설인 퍼지 흔적 가설과 활성화/모니터링 가설을 함께 논의하였다.

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