This research is concerned with the determination of the river water quality grade in Korea. Geum river was selected and the present water quality standards of the important pollutants in the upper, middle and lower region of the river were used to ap...
This research is concerned with the determination of the river water quality grade in Korea. Geum river was selected and the present water quality standards of the important pollutants in the upper, middle and lower region of the river were used to apply new methods for the determination of the river water quality grade.
When the present assessment system determining the water quality grade was evaluated, several discrepancies could be discussed. First, the final water quality grade was solely dependant of the one pollutant item that showed worst grade. Second, water quality standards for the concentration of nutrient item (T-P) were extremely low. These two factors showed that in Geum river, the final water quality grade tended to be determined by the concentration of T-P. Third, T-N, which is also a important nutrient, is not included for the river water quality standard. However, T-N is included in the lake water quality standard. If T-N is considered in the river water quality system, this item would be the limiting factor to determine the final water grade and the all river waters in Geum river were assessed to be “bad and very bad”. It was also noted that many safe drinking waters would be assessed to be “very bad” if the river water quality standard system was applied.
In this research, new methods of averaging the water quality grades of the selected pollutant items were suggested to assess the final water quality grade. The selected pollutant items were TOC, T-P, coliform, and T-N. Other items such as pH, DO and SS were not considered because these items did not show any significant changes in Geum river. Water quality grades of the selected pollutant items were converted to the numerical values (0.1 to 7.0 points by the increment of 0.1) depending the concentrations and the average value of the selected pollutants were used to assess the final water quality grade.
Three different approaches were considered before applying the suggested methods of averaging. First, the selected pollutants (TOC, T-P, and coliform) in the present river water standards were considered. Second, the upper region of the Geum river was assumed to be unpolluted and used as the reference values. The concentrations of the pollutants in the downstream of the river were corrected by subtracting the reference values. Third, T-N was additionally considered as an important pollutant, although it is not included in the standard pollutant item for the river water.
The results showed that the suggested grading methods were properly reflected by all important pollutants. Compared to the present river water grading system showing overestimated grades due to one worst pollutant, the grades of Geum river water were adjusted to better qualities. For instance, the grades in the middle stream of Geum river were adjusted from Ib-IV to Ia-III. This implied that T-P is no longer the only limiting factor to determine the final grade. The results also shows that the new methods allows to include T-N as the important nutrient in the river water. When the present system is applied including T-N, the water grades in the middle stream would be determined from V to VI (bad and very bad). By applying the suggested method of averaging, water grades were determined to be Ib-III.
In this research, more rational and comprehensive methods were suggested for the determination of the final river water quality grade by averaging the grades of the water-quality affecting pollutant items.