Background: Bedaquiline and delamanid are newly approved drugs indicated for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), yet there is a paucity of their safety data beyond experimental setting. Bedaquiline carries a black box warning of increased risk ...
Background: Bedaquiline and delamanid are newly approved drugs indicated for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), yet there is a paucity of their safety data beyond experimental setting. Bedaquiline carries a black box warning of increased risk of death compared to the placebo arm, and there is a need to establish the magnitudes of additive QT interval prolonging effect and hepatotoxicity of bedaquiline and delamanid. This study aimed to assess the risk of all-cause death, long QT-related cardiac event, and acute liver injury among MDR-TB patient treated with bedaquiline or delamanid in South Korea.
Methods: Individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB and received at least 4 second-line anti-TB drugs were identified in the South Korea national health insurance system database between 2016 and 2019. Bedaquiline and delamanid groups included those who initiated treatment with bedaquiline- or delamanid-containing regimen, respectively. Comparator group included those who received a standard regimen that included aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones and other second-line anti-TB drugs. Study follow-up began on the day after treatment initiation. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 12- and 24-months, and secondary outcomes were long QT-related cardiac event and acute liver injury assessed until the earliest date of discontinuation of index drugs, death or end of study period (December 31st, 2020). I computed stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) based on propensity score for receiving bedaquiline or delamanid by fitting a multivariate logistic regression model using the baseline characteristics measured prior or on the date of MDR-TB diagnosis. Then, I estimated sIPTW hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for bedaquiline and delamanid, compared with standard regimen group, adjusted for the baseline characteristics.
Results: Among 1,998 MDR-TB patients, 315 (15.8%) and 292 (14.6%) received bedaquiline and delamanid, respectively, and all baseline characteristics were balanced after applying sIPTW. Primary analysis showed non-significant mortality risk reduction in both bedaquiline (sIPTW-adjusted HR 0.73 [95% CI: 0.42-1.27] at 12-month and 0.90 [0.57-1.43] at 24-month) and delamanid groups (0.77 [0.38-1.55] at 12-month and 0.89 [0.50-1.60] at 24-month). sIPTW-adjusted HRs of long QT-related cardiac events and acute liver injury were 1.41 (0.57-3.48) and 1.76 (1.31-2.36) for bedaquiline, and 2.10 (0.95-4.67) and 1.14 (0.81-1.61) for delamanid, respectively.
Conclusions: My study addresses the limited data on comparative safety of bedaquiline and delamanid, supporting their use in MDR-TB treatment. Null association between bedaquiline and all-cause death reaffirms its safety and refutes the current black box warning. The risk of serious adverse events with bedaquiline and delamanid warrant further investigation due to limited number of outcomes observed in the study population.