전인적 성숙을 위한 시민교육 ― 아도르노, 김수환 추기경, 프란치스코 교황의 교육관을 중심으로 ―

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper begins with the critical awareness that a citizen’s education should not be limited to school, but should continue throughout their life. Chapter II introduces Adolf Eichmann as one of the most extreme counter-citizens in order to critically face education today. This chapter examines how, paradoxically, Eichmann fell into the inhuman barbarity of the Holocaust, although he maintained his routine and fulfilled his civil duty to uphold the law. Chapter III critically considers the problem of barbarism in education based on Adorno’s theory of education, and then examines Adorno’s concept of civil education to achieve maturity. Adorno’s definition of maturity is to create the right consciousness by becoming an autonomous subject that thinks for oneself and by practicing continuous critical reflection on the self and on society.
Chapter IV examines the practicality of civic education for the maturity of a person as a whole in relation to the Catholic Church. This chapter introduces the life of Cardinal Kim, who, in contrast to Eichmann, achieved debarbarization and maturity as a citizen and religious leader. This chapter also examines the educational views of Pope Francis. Cardinal Kim believes that civil democracy is based on the Christian view of humanity, so that civil education for maturity should be rooted in Christian wholeness. Pope Francis also stresses that maturity requires time-consuming experience and says maturity must reach religious holiness with and beyond the ability to choose freedom and the social common good.
Adorno, Cardinal Kim, and Pope Francis have different theoretical backgrounds, but they each emphasize clearly the educational goal of the maturity of a person as a whole. Their common vision of civic education is that each citizen should be able to think for themselves and make free choices, to reflect critically on their society, and to look beyond themselves and work toward the common good. This paper deepens and expands Cardinal Kims concept of civic education for a whole person’s maturity into the philosophical dimension of Adorno and the spiritual dimension of Pope Francis.

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