1 이상면, "영화의 진정한 시작은 언제인가? —19세기 후반 영상의 과학기술적 발전과정에 대한 논의" 문학과영상학회 11 (11): 157-181, 2010
2 Belton, Belton, "미국영화 미국문화" 경문사 2003
3 "Warren Shef (Warren, Marshell County, Minnesota)"
4 "Walls Howard Lamarr. Motion Pictures 1894-1912: Identified from the Records of the United States Copyright Office"
5 "The Waco Evening News (Waco, Texas)"
6 "The Sun (New York)"
7 Musser, Charles, "The Emergence of Cinema : The American Screen to 1907" University of California Press 1994
8 Bordwell, David, "The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960" Routledge 1960
9 Appelbaum, Stanley, "The Chicago World’s Fair of 1983 : A Photographic Record" Dover 1980
10 "The Anderson Intelligencer (Anderson Court House, South Carolina)"
1 이상면, "영화의 진정한 시작은 언제인가? —19세기 후반 영상의 과학기술적 발전과정에 대한 논의" 문학과영상학회 11 (11): 157-181, 2010
2 Belton, Belton, "미국영화 미국문화" 경문사 2003
3 "Warren Shef (Warren, Marshell County, Minnesota)"
4 "Walls Howard Lamarr. Motion Pictures 1894-1912: Identified from the Records of the United States Copyright Office"
5 "The Waco Evening News (Waco, Texas)"
6 "The Sun (New York)"
7 Musser, Charles, "The Emergence of Cinema : The American Screen to 1907" University of California Press 1994
8 Bordwell, David, "The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960" Routledge 1960
9 Appelbaum, Stanley, "The Chicago World’s Fair of 1983 : A Photographic Record" Dover 1980
10 "The Anderson Intelligencer (Anderson Court House, South Carolina)"
11 Balio, Tino, "The American Film Industry" The University of Wisconsin Press 1985
12 "St. Paul Daily Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota)"
13 Mary, Lary, "Screening Out the Past : The Birth of Mass Culture and the Motion Picture Industry" The University of Chicago Press 1983
14 "Scientific America"
15 Orbach, Barka Y., "Prizefighting and the Birth of Movie Censorship" 21 : 251-304, 2009
16 "New York World"
17 "New York Times"
18 Sklar, Robert, "Movie-Made America : A Cultural History of America Movies" Vintage Books 1994
19 Klingender, F. D., "Money Behind the Screen : A Report Prepared on Behalf of the Film Council" Lawrence and Wishart 1939
20 Quigley, Martin Jr., "Magic Shadow: The Story of the Origin of Motion Picture" Georgetown University Press 1948
21 Edison, Thomas A., "Kinetographic Camera"
22 Fulton, A. R., "In The American Film Industry" The University of Wisconsin Press 27-42, 1986
23 Hendricks, Gordon Hendricks, "In The American Film Industry" The University of Wisconsin Press 43-56, 1986
24 Spehr, Paul C., "In American Cinema, 1890-1909: Themes and Variations" Rutgers University 22-44, 2009
25 Gomery, Douglas, "In American Cinema and Hollywood: Critical Approaches" Oxford University Press 19-28, 1998
26 Dickson, Antonia, "History of the Kinetograph, Kinetoscope and Kinetophonograph" Arno Press and The New York Times 1970
27 "Highland Recorder (Monterey, Highland County, Virginia)"
28 Robinson, David, "From Peep Show to Palace : The Birth of American Film" Columbia University Press 1996
29 Dickson, Antonia, "Edison’s Invention of the Kineto-Phonograph" 48 : 206-214, 1894
30 Musser, Charles, "Before the Nickelodeon: Edwin S. Porter and the Edison Manufacturing Company" University of California Press 1991
31 Edison, Thomas A., "Apparatus for Exhibition Photographed of Moving Objects"
32 Bishop, William H., "A Night with Edison" 17 : 88-99, 1878
33 Ramsaye, Terry., "A Million and One Night: A History of the Motion Picture Through 1925" Simon and Schuster 1964