梁啓超의 ‘新史學’과 近代國家論

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to examine the character of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao' view on the modern nation by analyzing the relation of the his historical epistemology with the political thought mutually and structurally. In order to achieve this aims, first of all I have Inquired the main cause of forming ‘new historical treatise' (‘新史學’) of his new historical epistemology. In relation to the modern nation building on the ground of his new historical essay, I have investigated the character and function of ‘the modern view of people' (‘新民') which he had regarded as a cause of nation building. And I have surveyed ‘the theory of the organic nation’(國家有機體說), the theoretical basis of the formation of the state, in relation with historical Darwinism.<br/>
In connected with Liang' historical essay, it has been proved that his study of historical essay has been the means to inspire political reforming thought. His intention of new historical treatise through his study of historical essay was in order to establish the constitutional people's right and national sovereignty by means of the China' political reform (constitutional government). His theory of the ‘new historical treatise'(‘新史學’) was built up centering around historical Darwinism on the basis of Chinese tradition and nationalistic Ideology reflecting the Western Imperialism.<br/>
His political purpose intending ‘new historical treatise' (‘新史學’)which was composed on the basis of the progressive historical view of the nationalism was to overcome the immediate national crisis by renovating China. The alternative way of the relief of national ruin was to establish constitutional government based on the representative parliamentary system. The constituent to be capable of defend this constitutional government was just the modern people(‘新民’) which was endowed with temperament and capacity to be capable of possessing people' right. The meaning of the modern people(新民) was to be based on Socal Darwinism of the theoretic foundation for realizing national salvation.<br/>
Although the nation form the modern view of the people who has the right of constitutional government, Liang had suggested that if there is no state for them, everything intended for the people would be a useless and obstructive thing. Therefore, L'iang had presented nationalistic thought which emphasizing of being the national sovereignty prior to be constitutional government or people's right. While he stressed on preceding of the nation being prior to assuring of the modern view of the people' right, he had accepted Blunstchli' the organic view of the nation and Bornhak' nationalistic thought theory. The theory of Blunstchli's nationalistic organic thought is succeeded to L'iang and became the ideological basis for the formation of the modern constitutional government thought as an alternative of the creation of constitutional modern state for rebuilding of China which was declining to be a semicolony.