The COVID-19 pandemic revealed global disparities in healthcare system capacity, institutional preparedness, and social unity. Despite constrained medical infrastructure and close proximity to severely impacted countries, Bhutan navigated the pandemic...
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed global disparities in healthcare system capacity, institutional preparedness, and social unity. Despite constrained medical infrastructure and close proximity to severely impacted countries, Bhutan navigated the pandemic with remarkable efficacy. This thesis analyzes Bhutan's disaster response via the framework of social capital, emphasizing the Desuung program, a national volunteer corps founded in 2011 under the auspices of His Majesty The King. Informed by Putnam’s definition of social capital as trust, networks, and norms of reciprocity, the study examines how Desuung operates as both a civic institution and a mechanism for crisis management.
This research employs a retrospective mixed-methods approach, integrating descriptive analysis from a survey with qualitative data derived from government documents, Desuung publications, and secondary sources. The survey does not demonstrate a causal relationship between Desuung activities and epidemiological outcomes; however, the results indicate significant public trust in the program and a consistent acknowledgment of its contributions to compliance, logistics, and frontline operations, especially in quarantine management, border monitoring, lockdown enforcement, and the expedited vaccination campaign. The analysis reveals that Bhutan's success depended not alone on biomedical interventions but also on the engagement of skilled volunteers, elevated institutional trust, and robust state-society collaboration. The Desuung program exemplifies the institutionalization of social capital into an efficient disaster-response framework that bolsters national resilience and provides insights for future public health preparedness.