地域의 成長分析 및 開發方向 : 韓國의 都市를 中心으로, 1960∼1980 A Study on Korean Urban Center, 1960∼1980 = Analysis and Implication of Regional Growth

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although the Korean government showed no interest in spatial matters throughout the 1960s, relentless population growth and the tendency for people to concentrate in the Seoul metropolitan area, has generated considerably more concern for the pattern of human settlements. In the past two decades, the Korean government has been exploring ways of improving the capacities of urban centers to contribute to overall economic development and to a more diffused pattern of urbanization. However, the reduction of population concentration in Seoul has been unsuccessful. The primate city population had already reached more than nine million in 1984. The other problem is regional imbalance that has become a significant issue in Korea, the consequence of rapid and geographically concentrated industrialization.
The Korean government recently completed the Second ten-year physical and development plan for the period 1982∼1991 which would coincide with the fifth and sixth national five-year economic and social development plans. It has also prepared urban development policies that are intended to solve Seoul's metropolitan problems, reduce regional disparities and remedy problems of unbalanced growth. The policies were vague and did not commit the government to any specific line of action for developing cities to play the roles of industrial, service and administrative centers.
Urban economic activity analysis, export-base theory, sector-growth theory, input-output analysis and shift-share technique, deal with the structure and distribution of urban economic functions as bases for understanding the causal processes that have produced the observed patterns of urban and regional development. This paper uses the shift-share technique for analysis the regional growth pattern on Korean urban centers between 1960~1970 and 1971∼1980. Almost all Korean urban centers excluding the largest city were primarily agricultural, commercial, and service centers before 1960. Nowadays, the urban centers typically have medium-or smallscale industrial and commercial enterprises; they incorporate the economic functions of both market towns and manufacturing centers. The crucial role that urban centers play in national and regional development is vividly illustrated by Ulsan, Masan, Pohang, Gumi, Anyang and Iri, where the major industrial estates were located by the national government plans.
If economic growth continues at a rapid pace in Korea, urbanization will almost certainly continue during the last two decades of the twentieth century. In order to enhance the decentralized urbanization and industrialization, the Korean government should reorganize the administrative institution on urban and region for incorportation between economic, living, administrative, and political areas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.序
• Ⅱ.都市化와 地域開發과 必要性
• Ⅲ.地域成長 分析理論
• Ⅳ.韓國의 地域成長分析
• Ⅴ.地域成長을 위한 代案探索