Hotel is representative company of service industries that generate profits by producing and selling services with contact to guests. In the hotel in which human service is most important above all, hoteliers are in a situation to satisfy simultaneou...
Hotel is representative company of service industries that generate profits by producing and selling services with contact to guests. In the hotel in which human service is most important above all, hoteliers are in a situation to satisfy simultaneously both guest needs and organizational needs. Because affective and physical needs in the relations with employees’ own work is coexisting, it is very important to study ways letting them have willingness to stay in hotel organization while attenuating stress coming from his/her work.
The main purposes of this study are as follows:
First, the corelation analysis will be conducted between job demand and job control based on Karasek’s job demand-control model.
Second, two way interaction analysis was implemented on whether job control(primary moderator) moderates the relationship between job demands and organizational commitment based on Johnson & Hall’s job demand-job control-social support model.
Third, it will be tested whether social support(secondary moderator) moderates the moderation effect of job control between job demand and organizational commitment(moderated moderation).
For attaining the purpose of this study, all the variables including job demand, job control, social support, and organizational commitment were investigated through the reviews of previous studies, and research model and hypotheses were established.
Sample respondents of this study were employees working at operating departments of deluxe hotels in Seoul. Participants were 280 employees from different organizations in same grade hotels in Seoul, and questionnaires are collected from 235 employees. Of the respondents, data from 26 participants were excluded from data analysis because of any insufficient responses and missing value. Lastly total 209 respondents' data were included in subsequent analysis.
Empirical analysis procedures are as follows:
First, prior to testing hypotheses, this study evaluates the reliability and validity of each variable and conducts exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 7.4.
Second, two way interaction and three way interaction effect analysis will be conducted.
Third, for the hypotheses test, PROCESS Macro(Hayes, 2012) and Mplus were used, and the difference of effect size and power of the test between two methods were compared.
The results of this research are as follows:
First, consistent with previous findings, the results showed that job demand negatively affected organizational commitment. That is, if hotel employees experienced job demands(role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload), they retreated from commitment towards the organization.
Second, there was buffering effect of job control between job demand and organizational commitment. That is, the negative effect of job demand on organizational commitment was attenuated as job control increased. Therefore job control moderated the negative relationship between job demands and organizational commitment such that the negative relationship was stronger when job control was low.
Third, the greater magnitude of social support employees felt, the larger two way interaction effect appeared(moderated moderation effect). The moderated moderation effect of social support suggests that norm of reciprocity in social exchange theory can be applied. That is, when hotel employees feel that they are provided support from organization, they make efforts to increase commitment to reciprocate.
Lastly, the effect size of Mplus which considers random measurement error is larger than PROCESS macro, meaning that power of the test is greater in Mplus than in PROCESS