전자전 항공기의 기술 동향 및 발전 방향에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Technology Trends and Development Direction of Electronic Warfare Aircraft

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날, 네트워크 중심의 전자전을 중심으로 한 현대전의 패러다임이 변화됨에 따라, 적의 전자 시스템을 효과적으로 교란하고 아군의 전투력을 극대화할 수 있는 전자전 항공기의 기술적 진화와 효율적인 운영의 중요성이 점차 강조되고 있다. 하지만, 국내의 전자전 항공기의 발전은 미국, 영국, 이스라엘 등 군사 강국과 비교해서 상대적으로 낮은 수준에 머물러 있다. 따라서, 국내 전자전 항공기의 한계점을 파악하고 이를 극복하기 위한 발전 방향에 관한 모색이 필요한 시점이다.
본 연구의 목적은 전자전 항공기의 기술 동향과 운영 현황을 분석하여 향후 발전 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 특히, 본 연구는 미국, 영국, 이스라엘 등 주요 국가들의 전자전 항공기의 개발 및 운영 사례를 비교 분석함으로써, 국내의 전자전 항공기의 한계점 및 전략적 개발 방향을 제시하였다.
국내 전자전 항공기의 한계점과 발전 방향에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 플랫폼 측면에서 전용 전자전 항공기가 부족하여, KF-21과 같은 다목적 플랫폼에서 일부 전자전 기능을 수행하는 데 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 EA-18G Growler와 같은 전문화된 전자전 항공기의 개발이 필요하며, 이를 통해 유연성과 효율성을 확보할 수 있어야 한다.
둘째, 핵심 기술 측면에서는 다중 위협 동시 대응 능력이 부족하고, AI(Artificial Intelligence) 기술 활용이 초기 단계에 머물러 있다. 현대 전장에서의 복합적 위협을 실시간으로 처리할 수 있는 기술적 기반이 미비하여, 다중 빔 및 적응형 재밍 기술 개발과 AI 및 빅데이터 기술을 활용한 스마트 전자전 시스템 구축이 요구된다.
셋째, 운용 측면에서는 제한적인 운용 경험과 국제 연합작전 참여 부족이 문제이다. 한반도의 특수한 상황에서 비록 제한된 운용 경험이 존재하지만, NATO와 같은 국제 연합 작전에서의 경험이 부족하여 국제적 기술 동향과 전술에 대한 노출이 제한적이다. 따라서, 국제 연합작전 참여를 확대하고 합동 훈련을 통해 다양한 전투 환경에서의 경험을 축적하는 것이 필요하다.
본 연구는 국내 전자전 항공기의 현재 기술 수준과 발전 방향을 체계적으로 분석함으로써, 향후 한국군의 전자전 역량 강화를 위한 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 지닌다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 초록 ································································································· ⅰ
• Abstract ······················································································· ⅲ
• 목차 ································································································ ⅵ
• 표 목차 ···························································································· ⅹ
• 그림 목차 ························································································xi
• 1장. 서론 ························································································ 1
• 1.1 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ································································ 1
• 1.2 연구의 범위 및 방법 ·································································· 4
• 2장. 이론적 배경 ············································································ 5
• 2.1 국방개혁 4.0 ··········································································· 5
• 각주 1 킬웹 ···················································································· 7
• 각주 2 JADC2 ·············································································· 7
• 2.2 전자전 ····················································································· 7
• 각주 3 전자기 스펙트럼 ································································· 10
• 2.3 전자전 항공기 ········································································· 11
• 2.3.1 전자전 항공기의 개념 및 특징 ··············································· 11
• 2.3.2 전자전 항공기의 유형 ·························································· 13
• 각주 4 채프 ·················································································· 16
• 각주 5 플레어 ················································································ 16
• 3장. 국내외 전자전 항공기 기술 현황 ·············································· 20
• 3.1 미국 ························································································· 20
• 3.1.1 EA-18G Growler ································································· 20
• 3.1.2 F-35 Lightning II ································································ 23
• 3.1.3 기타 주요 플랫폼 ···································································· 25
• 3.1.4 미국 전자전 항공기의 발전 방향 ·············································· 25
• 3.2 영국 ·························································································· 26
• 3.2.1 Typhoon ·············································································· 26
• 3.2.2 RC-135W Airseeker ·························································· 28
• 3.2.3 Protector RG1 무인 항공기 ·················································· 29
• 3.2.4 영국 전자전 항공기의 발전 방향 ·············································· 30
• 3.3 이스라엘 ···················································································· 31
• 3.3.1 IAI ELI-3150 ······································································· 31
• 3.3.2 Harpy 및 Harop 자폭 드론 ···················································· 32
• 3.3.3 Scorpius 전자전 시스템 ························································ 33
• 3.3.4 이스라엘 전자전 항공기의 발전 방향 ········································ 34
• 3.4 국내 ··························································································· 36
• 3.4.1 KF-21 보라매 전투기 ······························································· 36
• 3.4.2 Falcon 2000 SIGINT 항공기 ················································ 38
• 3.4.3 백두 전자전 항공기 ·································································· 39
• 각주 6 전자 감시 장비 ········································································ 40
• 각주 7 고해상도 신호처리 장비 ··························································· 40
• 각주 8 비대칭 전력 ············································································· 41
• 4장. 국내 전자전 항공기 발전 방향 ······················································ 42
• 4.1 전자전 항공기의 기술적 발전 방향 ················································· 42
• 4.1.1 전자전의 발전 방향 ···································································· 42
• 각주 9 사이버-전자전 ········································································· 42
• 4.1.2 전자전 항공기의 발전 방향 ························································· 44
• 각주 10 MQ-9 Reaper ······································································ 45
• 4.2 국내 전자전 항공기의 한계점 및 발전 방향 ····································· 48
• 4.2.1 국내 전자전 항공기의 한계점 ······················································ 48
• 4.2.2 국내 전자전 항공기의 발전 방향 ················································· 49
• 5장. 결론 및 논의 ················································································· 52
• 참고문헌 ······························································································ 54
• 감사의 글 ······························································································ xii