地下鐵 工事에 대한 災害分析 硏究 : K地下鐵 工事를 中心으로 = (A) study on accident analysis about the subway construstion : Centered on K subway construction

국문 초록 (Abstract)

本 論文에서는 地下鐵 工事 施工中 發生한 災害를 各種 因子別 特性 및 相互關係를 體系的으로 分析하여 根源的이고 效率的인 災害豫防對策을 提示하기 위해 K 地下鐵工事中 發生한 災害資料와 I 地下鐵 災害와 比較하여 分析 하였다.
分析 結果 地下鐵工事는 都心地의 大型掘鑿工事로 掘鑿深度가 깊고 交通混雜地域에서 作業이 이루어지는 등 作業與件이 劣惡하고 土砂의 崩壞를 防止하기 위한 假施設物이 많아 大型 災害에 恒常 露出되어있어 地下鐵工事의 災害率은 一般建設業 보다 높지 않으나 强度率은 높게 나타났으며 특히 墜落에 의한 災害와 狹窄에 의한 災害는 一般 建設 災害의 比率보다 높아 災害發生時 重大 災害의 發生 可能性이 높으므로 持續的인 安全 點檢을 實施하여 危險을 事前에 除去하여야 한다.
本 地下鐵工事 災害分析結果에 따른 效率的 災害豫防 위해 다음과 같은 對策을 提示한다.
1, 工事中 路面 交通疏通 및 工事의 安全을 考慮한 適切한 工法의 選定이다.
本 硏究結果 假施設物이 많은 開鑿工法이 터널工法 보다 훨씬 높은 災害率을 보이고 있으며 災害 强度率 또한 높게 나타났으나 經濟的 側面을 强調한 나머지 安全을 疏忽히 하는바, 設計段階에서 徹底한 事前調査로 施工時 安全度에 대한 充分한 檢討가 必要하다.
2, 安全施設에 대한 과감한 投資와 安全用品의 規格化가 必要하다.
地下鐵 建設 現場은 地表로부터 상당部分 하부에서作業이 이루어지는 바, 勤勞者의 移動을 위한 安全通路를 確保하여야하며 假設構造物의 維持管理時 高所作業이 必然的이므로 安全을 確保하기 위한 作業발판, 開口部, 리프트, 安全綱등 徹底한 安全施設物의 設置가 必要하며, 安全基準에 未達되는 不良安全設備에 따른 災害가 자주 發生되므로 安全用品을 規格化하고 이를 建設現場 安全設備 리스 制度를 導入하여 實費로 提供하는 方案이 必要하다.
3, 事故의 危險이 있는 作業 및 時期에 集中的 安全管理가 必要하다.
地盤의 崩壞등 大型 災害의 危險이 있는 解氷期(2月), 장마철(6月), 冬節期(12月) 등 事故危險 時期에 對備, 事前敎育과 安全擔當者의 巡廻 點檢등 措置가 必要하며, 墮落, 落下, 飛來, 顚倒등 在來形 재해豫防活動을 强化하고 點檢者를 指定하여 地下埋設物 周圍 掘鑿이나 地盤의 發破前後 등 災害의 危險性이 높은 作業時 點檢者를 통한 點檢을 實施한후 作業한다.
4, 計測管理로 災害의 危險性을 事前에 發見하여 大型災害를 未然에 防止한다. 地下鐵工事는 豫測하기 어려운 地下를 大型掘鑿 하므로 掘鑿時 發生되는 災害는 人命 被害는 勿論 周邊建物, 地下埋設物등 막대한 被害를 同伴하며 예기치 못한 假施設物의 變位, 地下水의 湧出, 地質의 變化 등으로 인한 災害의 危險에 對備하여 徹底한 計測管理로 有害危險 要因을 事前에 除去하도록 管理하여야 한다.
5, 勤勞者의 雇用 保障과 安全敎育의 徹底
災害勤勞者의 44%가 勤續期間 30日 以內로 作業現場의 危險性이나 作業內容을 充分히 熟知하지 못한채 作業에 임하므로 發生한 災害이다. 이는 雇用이 不安全한 建設業의 特徵으로 이를 解消하는 方案으로 全國 建設 勤勞者의 管理團體를 만들어 이들 勤勞者의 工種, 經歷, 安全敎育履修狀況, 技術水準등을 管理하므로 必要한 現場에 安定的으로 雇用할 수 있으며 安全敎育의 效率을 높일 수 있고 現場이 바뀌어도 비슷한 作業을 행하므로 災害를 줄일 수 있으리라 思料된다.
本 調査에서 나타난 結果 地下鐵工事의 勞動災害를 防止하기 위해서는 現場作業을 成力化하고 假施設物에의한 墮落, 重量物에의한 狹率, 掘鑿時 土砂의 崩壞등의 事故를 줄일수 있도록 對策을 講究하여야겠다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to systematically analyze the accident produced during carrying out the subway construction according to the characteristics by various factors and the correlation. And it is to analyze and compared with the accident data produced during K subway construction and the accident in I subway for preventing the original and effective accident preventing measures.
As the analysis of it, the subway construction is large-scale excavation construction in the down town area, so the depth of excavation is deep and the work condition is poor because it was worked in the traffic congestion area. And there are temporary facilities for preventing the landslide, so it is always exposed in the large-scale accident. Also it shows that the accident rate was not higher than the general construction industry, but the intensity rate is high. In particular, the accident by a fall and the accident by a constriction are higher than the accident rate in the general construction, so it has high possibility of producing the serious accident in the accident production. Accordingly, the continuous safety inspection should be executed and the danger should be removed beforehand.
For the effective accident prevention according to the result of this subway construction accident analysis, this study is to present the countermeasures as follows.
1. It is to select a proper method of construction considering the surface traffic flow during construction and the safety of construction.
As the result of this study, it shows that the excavation method of construction has high accident rate than the tunnel method of construction. And it also shows high intensity rate in the accident, but the safety was treated as a negligent thing because of emphasizing the economic sides. Accordingly, it needs the sufficient investigation about the degree of safety with the thorough preliminary investigation in the stage of design.
2. It needs decisive investment about the safety facilities and standardization of the safety supplies.
The safety passage for the workers' movement should be secured because the subway construction field is worked at fairy lower part from the surface of the earth. And it is inevitable to work in the high place when maintaining and managing the temporary structures, so it needs the installation of intensive safety facilities like a work scaffolding, an opening and a lift and safety net, etc. for securing the safety. The accident according to the bad safety facilities short of safety standards frequently occur, so it needs that safety supplies should be standardized and it needs the method that supplies it as actual expenses by introducing the lease system about the safety facilities in the construction field.
3. It needs intensive safety management in the work and time with a danger of accident.
It needs the measures like preliminary education and patrolling inspection by the person in charge of safety for preparing for the time with a danger of accident like the thawing season(Feb.), the rainy season(Jun.) and the winter season(Dec.), etc. that have a danger of large-scale accident like the fall of the ground. It needs to enhance the activity for traditional accident prevention like falling, dropping, coming flying and overturning, etc. and to indicate the person in charge of inspection. It should be worked after executing the inspection by the person in charge of inspection when the work with the high danger of accident like the excavation around the subway buried things and before or after blasting on the ground.
4. It prevents the large-scale accident beforehand by prior detection of the danger of accident as a measuring management.
The subway construction is a work that largely excavating the underground that is difficult to predict, so the accidents produced from the excavation, accompany serious damages to the around building and subway buried things as well as the casualties. It should be prepare for the danger of accident by the unexpected displacement of the temporary facilities, the eruption of underground water and the change of the nature of the soil, also it should be managed in order to remove the factors about harmful danger as thorough measuring management in advance.
5. It needs intensive safety education and employment security for the workers.
Generally, the 44% of accident workers have a tendency to work without sufficient knowledge about the danger of the field working or the contents of work within 30 days of the length of their services. It shows that the unsafe employment exists in the construction industries. As a plan for solving it, it should be made of managing organization for the national construction workers and it has to manage the workers' sorts of a work, their careers, the state of completing the safety education and the technological level, etc. Accordingly, it makes the efficiency of safety education raise. It is considered as the accident can be decreased because the similar works are executed regardless of the change of field.
As the result above, for preventing the labor accident in the subway construction, the field working should be encouraged and the measures should be planned in order to decrease the accident like the fall by temporary facilities, the excavation by the weight materials and a landslide when the excavation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第1章 序論 = 3
• 1. 硏究의 目的 = 3
• 2. 硏究의 方法 및 範圍 = 4
• 第2章 建設業 및 地下鐵 工事 災害 現況 = 5
• 1. 建設業 災害現況에 관한 考察 = 5
• 1.1 産業災害 發生 推移 = 5
• 1.2 建設 産業의 災害現況 = 7
• 1.3 建設業 災害 分析 結果 = 10
• 2. 地下鐵 工事 工法의 分類 = 10
• 2.1 工法 槪要 = 10
• 2.2 工法의 分類 = 11
• 3. 地下鐵 工事 事故原因과 豫防對策 = 14
• 3.1 地下鐵工事 事故 現況 = 14
• 3.2 地下鐵工事 事故原因 = 15
• 3.3 地下鐵工事 事故豫防 對策 = 15
• 第3章 K 地下鐵工事와 I 地下鐵 工事 災害 比較分析 = 19
• 1. 工事 槪要 比較 = 19
• 2. 被害者 續成 및 被害者 特性 分析 = 20
• 3. 被害發生 形熊別, 起因物別 分析 = 27
• 4. 災害 比較分析 結果 = 31
• 第4章 K 地下鐵 工事 災害分析 = 34
• 1. 地下鐵 工事槪要 = 34
• 2. 地下鐵 工事 建設型式 및 工法 = 35
• 3. K 地下鐵 工事 災害分析 = 36
• 3.1 K 地下鐵 工法別 災害現況 = 36
• 3.2 K 地下鐵 區間別 災害現況 = 42
• 3.3 災害發生 形態別 起因物別 現況 = 50
• 4. 死亡 災害의 分析 = 56
• 第5章 結論 = 58
• 참고문헌 = 62
• 부록1 = 66