유배가사 <북정가>의 담화 분석 - Andrea Mayr의 『Prison Discourse: Language as a Means of Control and Resistance』의 분석 방법을 중심으로- = Discourse Analysis of exile lyric poem < Bukjeongga > - Focusing on the Analytical Methods of Andrea Mayr's ‘Prison Discourse: Language as a Means of Control and Resistance’ -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes < Bukjeongga >, a late Joseon-era exile lyric poem by Lee Jung-rin, based on Andrea Mayr’s theory in ‘Prison Discourse: Language as a Means of Control and Resistance’. In other words, it views < Bukjeongga > as a ‘prison discourse’ and examines the language a cts that reflect a sociolinguistic sense of resistance within it. Through this analysis, the paper aims to demonstrate that the discourse in exile, rather than being merely an expression of self-pity or emotional outburst, functions as a critique and resistance against social control.
In ‘Prison Discourse’, Mayr analyzes the mechanisms of power and resistance through language within the confined space of a prison, arguing that language is not merely a tool of communication but can also be a tool of power and resistance. < Bukjeongga >, as a work created under the unique conditions of exile, unfolds the poet’s experiences and emotions in the form of a monologue. Since exile can be viewed both as a form of literature and as a prison discourse, Mayr's theory is applicable here. This study specifically analyzes < Bukjeongga > using the evaluative categories of prison discourse: emotion, judgement, and amplification.
Applying the category of emotion to < Bukjeongga > and analyzing the use of psychological adjectives, words like ‘akkapda’(아깝다, regrettable), ‘bulssanghada’(불쌍하다, pitiful), ‘useupda’(우습다, ridiculous), ‘gimakkida’(기막히다, astonishing), ‘eoi-eobda’(어이없다, absurd), and ‘gwaesimhada’(괘씸하다, d espicable) a ppear. These adjectives primarily express emotions like resentment, sorrow, anger, and self-blame, reflecting dissatisfaction with the reality of exile and a critical attitude toward the central government and society.
When applying the category of judgement, negative terms such as ‘bigan’ (비관, pessimistic), ‘goihada’(고이하다, scornful), and ‘jeokjiul haeyeossna’(젹지을 하엿는가, disgraceful) are used to evaluate immoral actions. However, these expressions are not mere emotional responses; they carry ethical criticism of the society and power structures of the time.
Regarding amplification, the study shows that < Bukjeongga > employs linguistic strategies to intensify emotions and judgments. Repetition, parallel structures, and the use of extreme adjectives amplify emotional intensity. For example, the parallelism of words like ‘gimakkigo eoi-eobda’(기막히고 어이없다, astonishing and absurd) emphasizes extreme emotions.
Therefore, < Bukjeongga > is a discourse that expresses the poet’s frustration and emotions in the oppressive context of exile. It aligns closely with Andrea Mayr’s framework of prison discourse analysis. In conclusion, applying the evaluative categories of ‘prison discourse’(emotion, judgement, amplification) reveals that the narrator in < Bukjeongga > functions not merely as a passive victim but as an active subject who recognizes the structures of oppression and resists them through language.