The green belts were designated around the big cities from 1971 in Korea in order to prevent the expansion of the cities and to conserve the natural environment. It had a positive effect on preventing urban conurbation and on conserving the green are...
The green belts were designated around the big cities from 1971 in Korea in order to prevent the expansion of the cities and to conserve the natural environment. It had a positive effect on preventing urban conurbation and on conserving the green area. On the other hand, it caused many civil petitions by the owners of land and the inhabitants against the strict regulations for the land concerned. The Government has changed the policy since 1998 and deregulated some areas which were not adequate to be maintained as the green belt.
The purpose of this thesis is to re-establish the role of the green belt as a tool of urban growth management and to propose its effective management measures through the analysis on how the changing policy for the green belt would affect the urban spatial structure of the relevant city. This thesis analyzed the changing patterns of spatial structure of Namyangju City with the data concerned, such as the official land price between 1996 and 2008, the GIS data of the individual lot of land, the data of the land development permission and the illegal land use conversion.
The rising ratio of the official land price of the relaxed areas in the green belt of Namyangju City increased 1.43 times more than the remained ones during the last 12 years and increased almost 2 times during these 5 years. The land price went up considerably in the relaxed areas near Seoul and Guri City, compared with the existing towns in Namyangju. The most important factor to affect the rising price of the land was the land use purpose of the relaxed area. Regardless of released type, the land price of the relaxed area and its surrounding area for the development of the residential function rose significantly.
The land use pattern in and around the villages relaxed has been significantly changed and the individual permission for building and land development has been issued excessively in areas where the district unit plan has not been established until now. The building permission in the relaxed areas was mostly for more compensation the public development will bring about in the future. According to the result of case study for illegal land use conversion, the facilities for animals and plantation were mainly converted into warehouses and offices, in pursuit of the rental fee which will be more profitable than the amount of the forfeit.
The location of the relaxed area in the green belt was proved to be suitable for the urban spatial structure in consideration of urban development axis in Namyangju City. Nevertheless, various kinds of conversion have been made beyond the original land use purpose along the relaxed area and the roads. Accordingly, in order to achieve the original function of the green belt, this thesis presents the management measures with a broad point of view to maintain the urban growth management function of the greenbelt.
For the effective management in the remaining area as the green belt, the existing forfeit system for the building should be more strictly and widely applicable to all the illegal acts including land use conversion and the forfeit should be weightily imposed on the habitual illegal acts as well. The preferential right of land acquisition should be given to the damaged land in/around the relaxed area and along the road. It is also necessary to reset the forfeit ratio system imposed on the public facilities development. In order to control the land use of the remaining area systematically, those areas which surround the relaxed should be designated as the limited areas for development permission. In the mean time, the district unit plan for the relaxed villages and the surroundings should be established as soon as possible.
As the green belt was originally designated on the basis of metropolitan area for the urban growth management, the management system of the green belt also should be established on the basis of metropolitan area rather than the city or province unit base. The Green Belt Management Plan should be established in cooperation with the local governments concerned and it should include the framework of integrated green network and the policy on the land acquisition in the greenbelt. The public corporation as a management body would be established, if necessary. Furthermore, it is desirable to adopt the Capacity Ratio Transaction System positively which is similar to the Transfer of the Development Right(TDR) currently implemented in the USA for the systematic management of the whole green belt including the relaxed.