Spasmodic dysphonia(SD) is a movement disorder that affects the basal ganglia and their connections, characterized by frequent voice breaks and strangled harsh voice caused due to involuntary, excessive contraction of the intrinsic vocal muscles. This...
Spasmodic dysphonia(SD) is a movement disorder that affects the basal ganglia and their connections, characterized by frequent voice breaks and strangled harsh voice caused due to involuntary, excessive contraction of the intrinsic vocal muscles. This chronic condition is still difficult to treat despite a variety of treatment efforts including psychotherapy, medication, voice therapy and surgery. The exact causes of the disorder are still unknown and the treatments for the disease are focused on easing its symptoms by reducing vocal spasms, rather than drastic measures.
Patients with functional dysphonia or aphonia are reported to often produce normal phonation under conditions of auditory masking. The use of such masking contributes to improving phonation as it prevents patients with functional voice disorders from feeling daunted when they hear their own voice.
Likewise, patients with spasmodic dysphonia also tend to feel psychologically uncomfortable when hearing their own voice, which negatively affects the production of phonation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the vocal characteristics of SD patients before and after masking stimulation. This study attempted to measure, before and after masking stimulation, the maximum phonation time (MPT) in aerodynamic terms and the fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), F0-tremor intensity index (FTRI), amplitude tremor intensity index (ATRI) and extent of speech effort in acoustic terms. In view of the findings of a previous study where adductor-type SD represented more than 90 percent of SD cases and was more likely to occur in women, the study included 18 female subjects diagnosed with adductor-type SD. They were aged 19-48 years with a mean age of 30.
The MPT was measured to assess the aerodynamic characteristics of speech produced by subjects, and the multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) for the CSL was used to record and analyze their voices in terms of acoustic characteristics. For assessing the extent of speech effort, the subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after an experiment. All the experiments were conducted with and without masking stimulation.
The major findings of this study are as follows:
First, the aerodynamic analysis found a statistically significant difference in the MPT between before and after masking stimulation. This indicates that speakers could phonate more comfortably as they did not hear their own voice during sustained phonation, and accordingly a decrease in laryngeal tension made the phonation time prolonged.
Second, the acoustic analysis found that speakers with spasmodic dysphonia showed a significant improvement in F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR, FTRI and ATRI under the condition of masking stimulation.
Third, the extent of speech effort was found to be statistically significantly low under the condition of masking stimulation.
As a result, SD patients exhibited poor performance without masking stimulation in the MPT, F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR, FTRI, ATRI, and the extent of speech effort but the presence of masking stimulation was associated with improvements in such measures: an increase in F0 and decreases in jitter, shimmer, FTRI and ATRI. In addition, under masking stimulation, there was a significant reduction in the extent of speech effort. From these results, the masking stimulation is thought to have positive effects on the vocal characteristics of spasmodic dysphonia.
In conclusion, the application of masking stimulation to speakers with SD resulted in significant improvements in their vocal characteristics. This is different from the results of previous studies where phoniatric approaches had little effect on the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia. The proper application of masking stimulation to the phoniatric treatment of SD is like to make a favorable contribution to improving the vocal characteristics of SD patients.