증강현실(Augmented Reality)게임 지속사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 몰입감을 매개변수로 = Factors Influencing the Intention for Continuous Use of Augmented Reality Games: Immersion as a Mediating Variable

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is about Augmented Reality Game (AR Game) applied to Pokemon Go, which has recently been a sensational game. We focused on and analyzed the intention for continuous use as a dependent variable. We made hypotheses through previous studies and used spatial presence, perceived interactivity, perceived pleasure, and sickness as independent variables. Immersion was set up as a mediating variable. We conducted the study using 198 data, which people who experienced AR games responded. The results were as follows. First, spatial presence and perceived pleasure were found to have a significant effect on immersion, as in previous studies. Second, the relationship between sickness and immersion, which were shown to have a negative relationship in previous studies, we found that variables had a positive relationship unlike previous studies and rejected the hypothesis. Third, perceived interactivity, which is one of the crucial variables to affect the intention for continuous use, we found not to have a significant relationship among perceived interactivity, immersion, and the intention for continuous use. This result is opposite from previous studies, and further research on this issue is expected. We conducted this study with an individual user’s view on immersion and the intention for continuous use rather than focusing on technical or political topics. Besides, this study has a significance that drew different results from previous studies and explored people who relish AR games with the characteristics of personal variables.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 윤지영, "확장된 기술수용모델을 적용한 인터넷전문은행 재이용의도에 관한 연구" 한국소비자정책교육학회 16 (16): 43-64, 2020

2 이장석, "확장된 기술수용모델을 적용한 실시간 화상강의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구" 한국콘텐츠학회 21 (21): 292-310, 2021

3 박진홍, "혼합 현실 서비스의 GUI(Graphic User Interface) 디자인 스타일 연구 -현실 세계와 가상 Object 간의 구분 방법에 대한 분석을 중심으로-" 한국디자인문화학회 23 (23): 271-282, 2017

4 박지혜, "침묵이 금일 때: 친사회적 침묵행동이 자기효능감 및 리더-구성원 교환관계에 미치는 영향 연구" 한국경영학회 50 (50): 405-437, 2021

5 조재욱, "진단성과 심리적 거리의 매개역할에 따른 증강현실 광고효과" 한국광고학회 25 (25): 203-221, 2014

6 김호균, "지방자치단체에서의 변혁적 리더십과 상사신뢰, 조직몰입간 관계에 대한 연구: 상사신뢰의 매개역할을 중심으로" 한국행정연구소 52 (52): 91-116, 2014

7 이희준, "증강현실을 활용한 IT 교육 콘텐츠가 성인 학습자의 학업 성취와 학습 흥미 및 몰입에 미치는 영향" 한국콘텐츠학회 16 (16): 424-437, 2016

8 이기호, "증강현실을 이용한 대학 e-Learning 실습교육" 한국만화애니메이션학회 (40) : 443-476, 2015

9 김혜경, "증강현실기반의 패션제품 어플리케이션 특성요인과 사용의도와의 관계에 관한 연구" 한국IT서비스학회 19 (19): 89-102, 2020

10 정병규, "증강현실(Augmented Reality: AR) 기술수용에 영향을 미치는 요인" 한국벤처창업학회 14 (14): 153-168, 2019

11 양은별, "증강현실 학습자료의 세분화 정도가 초등학생의 사용편의성과 인지부하에 미치는 영향" 교육문제연구소 40 (40): 93-120, 2018

12 서동희, "증강현실 콘텐츠의 이미지 인식 기법 효과성 연구" 한국만화애니메이션학회 (41) : 337-356, 2015

13 김기윤, "증강현실 서비스의 지각된 특성이 만족감과 이용의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 글로벌경영학회 17 (17): 187-211, 2020

14 주효원, "증강현실 뷰티 어플리케이션 체험과 화장품 구매 행동의 차이 연구" 한국미용학회 27 (27): 675-687, 2021

15 이지수, "증강현실 기반 학습프로그램이 학습동기 및 학업성취도에 미치는 영향 : Keller의 동기설계 모형을 적용한 초등과학 학습프로그램의 개발 및 적용" 한독교육학회 15 (15): 99-121, 2010

16 허옥, "증강현실 광고의 프레즌스 매개효과가 광고 태도, 브랜드 태도 그리고 구매 의도에 미치는 영향" 한국광고홍보학회 (90) : 71-98, 2011

17 신선경, "증강현실 게임 이용 동기 및 특징이 몰입에 미치는 영향: 포켓몬 고(Pokémon Go)를중심으로" 한국정보사회학회 18 (18): 141-171, 2017

18 성백순, "재미요소가 몰입과 만족에 미치는 영향" (사)한국컴퓨터게임학회 25 (25): 139-147, 2012

19 강미정, "인터랙션 디자인의 주체로서 사용자 :증강현실기반 교재디자인에 대한 수용미학적 접근" 한국영상문화학회 (23) : 199-232, 2013

20 임영길, "이미지 체계에서 드러나는 증강현실 연구" 사단법인 한국조형디자인협회 20 (20): 75-97, 2017

21 이상철, "온라인 게임에 있어서 몰입과 중독이 사용자 만족과 충성도에 미치는 영향" 한국경영학회 32 (32): 1479-1501, 2003

22 조승행, "여가활동으로서 증강현실 게임속성과 몰입이 게임고객만족에 미치는 영향: 포켓몬 고 게임을 중심으로" 대한관광경영학회 32 (32): 43-61, 2017

23 배수진, "실재감, 공간능력, 및 심미감이 증강현실과 가상현실의 지속사용의도에 미치는 영향 비교 연구" 한국경영교육학회 33 (33): 355-386, 2018

24 이신복, "소셜네트워크 게임 이용자의 감정반응요인과 특성이 만족과 몰입을 통해 밀착도에 미치는 영향" 한국문화관광연구원 31 (31): 138-161, 2017

25 박윤서, "소셜 네트워크 서비스(SNS) 이용요인간 구조적 관계： 기술수용모델(TAM)과 플로우(Flow)를 중심으로" 한국IT서비스학회 11 (11): 247-272, 2012

26 김종화, "사이버스포츠 게임 몰입수준과 실재감의 인과 모형" 한국스포츠사회학회 21 (21): 579-591, 2008

27 김미영, "블렌디드 학습, 온라인 학습, 오프라인 학습의 학업성취도와 학습 만족도 비교" 대한공업교육학회 30 (30): 106-119, 2005

28 김완석, "반복사운드 활용이 게임 유저의 몰입에 미치는 영향 분석" 한국콘텐츠학회 10 (10): 149-156, 2010

29 주영주, "모바일러닝에서 실재감, 서비스의 질, 학습몰입 및 학습만족도 간의 구조적 관계 규명" 한국인터넷방송통신학회 15 (15): 169-175, 2015

30 박정민, "모바일 피트니스 앱 게임의 상호작용성이 운동경험과 이용의도에 미치는 효과 : 플레이테스트 실험연구" 한국게임학회 15 (15): 17-28, 2015

31 윤지연, "모바일 증강현실 기반의 마커리스 추적 알고리즘 성능 연구" 한국항행학회 16 (16): 1032-1037, 2012

32 주은령, "모바일 증강현실 게임 포켓몬Go의 특성 연구" 한국디지털정책학회 17 (17): 473-480, 2019

33 김지은, "모바일 증강 현실 게임 플랫폼 및 UI 기술 개발 동향" 한국게임학회 17 (17): 7-18, 2017

34 교용용, "기술수용모델을 이용한 가상현실(Virtual Reality : VR) 콘텐츠 재이용 의도에 관한 연구" 한국게임학회 19 (19): 115-132, 2019

35 남수태, "기술수용모델 기반 스마트폰 지속사용의도에 미치는 영향" 한국정보통신학회 21 (21): 2076-2082, 2017

36 배장은, "국내외 게임 산업 동향분석을 통한 가상현실 기반의 기능성 게임 발전방안" 한국디지털디자인학회 14 (14): 737-748, 2014

37 채진미, "구매빈도에 따른 모바일 패션제품 구매에 대한 확장된 기술수용모델의 차이" 한국패션디자인학회 16 (16): 173-188, 2016

38 Shin, D. H., "Why do peopleplay social network games?" 27 : 852-861, 2011

39 Newhagen, J. E., "Why Communication Researchers Should Study the Internet : A Dialogue" 1 (1): 2-13, 1995

40 Kennedy, R. S., "Virtual and Adaptive Environments: Applications, implications, and human performance issues" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 247-278, 2003

41 Barfield, W., "Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design" 473-513, 1995

42 남선숙, "VR게임의 이용자 경험: 현존감이 즐거움에 미치는 영향을 중심으로" 정보통신정책학회 24 (24): 85-125, 2017

43 나지영, "VR 게임 이용 의도에 관한 연구 -기술 수용 모델을 중심으로-" 한국게임학회 19 (19): 53-64, 2019

44 Lee, J. S., "VR Theme Park Applicated of Virtual Reality in the view of Play Instinct" Graduate School of Mass Communication, Sogang University 2000

45 Choi, B. S., "Use Cases and Metadata Design for Integration of Broadcasting Service with Augmented Reality" 7 : 2012

46 Bhattacherjee, A., "Understanding Information Systems Continuance : An Expectation-Confirmation Model" 25 (25): 351-370, 2001

47 Lee, J. P., "Transition to Immersive Content and Market Trends" 1969 : 2-14, 2020

48 Chang, Y. P., "The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users’ continuance intention to social networking sites in China" 28 (28): 995-1001, 2012

49 Holbrook, M. B., "The nature of customer value: An axiology of services in the consumption experience. Service quality" 21 : 21-71, 1994

50 Nam, H. W., "The Trend of Standard and Test Certification Technology - Development Trend of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Game Technology (in Korean)" (167) : 83-88, 2016

51 Wu, G., "The Media Role of Perceived Interactive in the Effect of Actual Interactivity on Attitude Toward the Website" 5 (5): 2005

52 Shen, X., "The Influence of Affordance of Mobile Augmented Reality Games on User Experience, Flow and Satisfaction" The Graduate School Chung-Ang University 2018

53 Jang, E. Y., "The Effects of Flow Experience according to Trick Eye Museum Experience using an AR App on User Satisfaction: Focused on the Experience Economy Theory by Pine and Gilmore" Graduate School of Advertising & Public Relations, Hongik University 2019

54 Lee, S. H., "The Effects Ubiquitous Attributes of Mobile Contents on Perceived Interactivity and Behavioral Outcome" The Graduate School of Seoul National University 2006

55 Kim, Y. S., "The Effect of the Attributes of Ubiquitous and Perceived Interactivity on Professional Sports Team Loyalty" Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University 2009

56 Jeong, D. Y., "The Change of Future from Augmented Reality" Samsung Economic Research Institute 2010

57 Kim, T., "Telepresence via Television : Two Dimensions of Telepresence May Have Different Connections to Memory and Persuasion" 3 (3): 1997

58 Jun, C. H., "Study on the Influence of VR Characteristics on User Satisfaction and Intention to Use Continuously-Focusing on VR Presence, User Characteristics, and VR Sickness" Graduate School, Seoul National University of Science and Technology 2018

59 Chang, H. J., "Study on the Influence of VR Characteristics on User Satisfaction and Intention to Use Continuously -Focusing on VR Presence, User Characteristics, and VR Sickness" Graduate School of Public and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology

60 MacCallum, R. C., "Sample size in factor analysis : The role of model error" 36 (36): 611-637, 2001

61 MacCallum, R. C., "Sample size in factor analysis" 4 (4): 84-99, 1999

62 Slater, M., "Representation Systems, Perceptual Position, and Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments" 2 (2): 221-233, 1993

63 Davis, F. D., "Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology" 13 (13): 319-340, 1989

64 Kim, S. Y., "Perceived Interactivity and Web site Loyalty : On the Role of Flow as a Mediating Variable" 12 (12): 185-208, 2004

65 Kaufmann, H., "Mathematics and geometry education with collaborative augmented reality" 27 (27): 339-345, 2003

66 Ministry of Science and ICT, "International Digital Content Market Research" 2018

67 Stromer-Galley, J., "Interactivity as product and interactivity as process" 20 (20): 391-394, 2004

68 Lombard, M., "Interactive advertising and presence : A framework" 1 (1): 56-65, 2001

69 Rebenitsch, L., "Individual variation in susceptibility to cybersickness" 309-317, 2014

70 Park, W. W., "Improving causality : The significance of control variable, phenomena, and recommendations" 21 : 1-49, 2010

71 김기홍, "HMD 모바일 환경에서 가상현실 기반 노래방 구현물의실재감과 몰입감 연구" 한국게임학회 17 (17): 19-28, 2017

72 Sweetser, P., "Game Flow : a model for evaluating player enjoyment in games" 3 (3): 1-24, 2005

73 Kerlinger, F. N., "Foundations of Behavioral Research" Harcourt College Publishers 2000

74 Csikszentmihalyi, M, "Flow: The psychology of optimal experience" Harper & Row 1990

75 Davis F. D., "Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the work place" 22 (22): 1111-1132, 1992

76 Choi, Y, "Effects of The Characteristics of Augmented Reality Game, Leisure Benefit and Life Satisfaction: Focusing on Pokemon Go" Graduate School, Kyunggi University 2020

77 Jackson, S. A., "Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience : The Flow State Scale" 18 (18): 17-35, 1996

78 Jackson, S. A., "Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Optimal Experience : The flow state scale" 18 : 17-35, 1996

79 Kim, J., "Cyber Sickness mitigation measures with non-pharmacological methods" 1 : 161-163, 2016

80 Kim, D. S., "Content Service Technology based Mobile Augmented Reality" 1 : 24-32, 2010

81 Davis, S., "Comparing the onset of cybersickness using the Oculus Rift and two virtual roller coasters" 3-14, 2015

82 Song, C. S., "Building Interactivity on the Internet" 14 (14): 69-95, 1999

83 Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play" Jossey-Bass 2003

84 Csikszentmihalyi, M, "Beyond Boredom and Anxiety" Jossey-Bass Publishers 1975

85 Choi, J. W., "Augmented Reality World on the future direction of research" 190-191, 2010

86 Kim, D. J., "An Empirical Study on User Satisfaction and the Influencing Factors for Continuous Usage of Social Network Service" Graduate School, Chungang University 2011

87 Ko, Y. S., "A study on the influence of personal characteristics by operation actions in virtual reality on cyber motion sickness" The Graduate School of Hanyang University 2020

88 Yang, Y. S., "A study on interaction effect of flow experience to interactivity of Social Media and intention to use:Focused on difference in decision stage of travel planning" The Graduate School of Sejong University 2014

89 Sutherland, I. E., "A head-mounted three dimensional display" 1968

90 Jung, S. A., "A Study on the Production Plan for Reducing Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Game" 13 (13): 113-123, 2017

91 Pyo, M. Seok, "A Study on the Effect of Eye Blink Rate by VR Contents Viewing:Focused on Presence and Sickness" The Graduate School, Kwangwoon University 2019

92 Kim, M. H., "A Study on the Degree of User’s Freedom in the Sandbox Game" Graduate School, Soongsil University 2014

93 Shin, S, "A Study on the Augmented Reality Game Use Influences in Game Flow: Focusing on Pokémon Go" The Graduate School of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 2017

94 Son, J. W., "A Study on The Application Status of Cyber Sickness Mitigation Methods in Korean Virtual Reality Games" The Graduate School Sangmyung University 2017

95 Kwon, O. H., "A Study on Game Oriented Virtual World and Socially Virtual World in Metarverse: Focused on the Flow Theory" The Graduate School of Design, Konkuk University 2012

96 Kim, S. S., "A Study of the Factors Affecting Continuous Usage Intention of Data Driven Artificial Intelligence Product Service System" Graduate School of Soongsil University 2019

97 Jang, C. H., "A Study of Factors Affecting Continuous Intentions of Social Network Games -focus on smart device users" The Graduate School of Sejong University 2013

98 Zhang, Y. N., "A Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of 3D Content Experience between Korea and China" Graduate School, Chungbuk National University 2020