정책이론에서 합리성의 한계와 모순의 관리 = The Limits of Rationality and the Management of Contradictions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Policy discourses presume some basis of rationality. This paper discusses unavoidable contradictions in the pursuit of rationality. There are several sources of contradictions found in time-and-space matrix as well as in policy justifications that may be economic, political, ethical, religious, or cultural in nature. If we look for rationality in the relationship among policies, we find that contradictions are more manifest. Given this condition of unavoidable contradictions, we often find that actions taken to eradicate contradictions are either too costly to implement or fatally destructive to policy success. Thus, eliminating contradictions in pursuit of rationality should not be management’s objective as it attempts to increase constructive values. In this paper, the management of contradictions in the field of policy discourse is illustrated in light of tolerance of contradictions, allowance of partial failures, utilization of policy network hubs, plus consideration of the concept of evolutionary rationality and the importance of history. Finally, a "weak manager" is inferred to be relevant to the context of contradiction management.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

정책논의는 합리성의 가능성을 전제한다. 그러나 합리성의 추구에서 모순이 제기되는 상황을 회피하기 어렵다. 모순은 다양한 방면에서 제기된다. 관심의 시간적 차원(장기적 관심과 단기적 관심)과 공간적 차원(대내적 관심과 대외적 관심)의 결합에서 합리성 논의는 모순을 피하기 어렵다. 정책에 대한 정당성을 제기하여야 하는 영역인 경제적 체계, 정치적 체계, 윤리적 체계, 그리고 종교적(또는 문화적) 체계에서 제시하는 정당성들 간에도 역시 모순을 피하기 어렵다. 이들은 하나의 정책에 대해 합리성을 구할 때에 제기되는 모순이다. (국가 전체적으로) 여러 정책들 간의 관계에서 합리성을 찾으면, 모순적 관계는 더 확연하게 드러난다. 따라서 정책의 합리성 논의에서 모순을 없애려는 노력은 오히려 파괴적 귀결로 흐를 가능성이 더 크다. 그렇다면, 정책논의에서 모순은 배제의 대상이 아니라 관리해야 할 대상이다. 모순적 상황에서 건설적 가치를 건지려는 노력과 과정을 “모순의 관리”라고 한다면, 모순의 관리 양상으로 이 글에서는 모순의 허용, 부분적 실패의 허용, 정책 네트워크에서 허브의 활용, 진화적 합리성 개념의 활용, 역사의 중요성 등을 예시하고 있다. 끝으로 모순의 관리에는 “약한 관리자”의 출현이 더 적합하다고 추론한다.

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