듀이의 종교적 경험에 관한 연구: 민주주의의 교육적 적용의 전체론적 근거 = A Study on Dewey’s Religious Experience: A Holistic Foundation for the Educational Application of Democracy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 듀이의 경험이론에 대한 전체론적 이해에 기초하여 삶의 전체성(통합성)을 드러내는 실천 논리가 종교적 경험에서 추론될 수 있음을 증명하고 이러한 논의의 결과가 민주주의의 교육적 적용의 이론적 근거로 제시될 수 있음을 주장하는 데에 있다. 제시된 목적에 도달하기 위하여 본 연구는 듀이의 경험적 방법을 그의 종교사상에 체계적으로 적용한다. 본 연구에서의 주요 논의는 다음과 같다. 우선 2절에서는 상상에 대한 개념적 분석에 기초하여 종교적 경험의 특성이 규명된다. 듀이에게 있어서 종교적 경험은 상상을 통해 설계된 이상의 직접적 체험이며 그 기능은 자아와 세계의 총체적이고 근본적인 변화이다. 이상의 직접적 체험에 수반된 성질은 우주적 변화의 출발점을 제공하는 ‘자아와 세계의 합일의 감정’으로 파악된다. 3절에서는 이상의 실천적 의의에 대한 체계적인 검토에 기초하여 신앙과 신의 개념적 재구성이 시도된다. 듀이는 의미와 삶의 순환을 드러내는 실천 논리를 신앙과 신의 개념적 재구성 작업에서 도출한다. 의미와 삶의 지속적인 순환 과정에서 관심(목적)의 상이함과 믿음(의미)의 부조화에 기인하는 삶의 분열과 갈등은 점차적으로 해소되고 삶은 유기적으로 통합된 전체로 드러난다. 4절에서는 전체론적 관점에서 규명된 실천 논리에 기초하여 삶의 성장에 대한 포괄적인 이해가 시도된다. 종교적 경험에 관한 논의에서 강조된 학문적 방법과 상상은 공동의 성찰의 촉진과 전체적 태도의 형성이 민주주의의 교육적 적용의 주된 과제가 되어야 함을 분명히 한다. 민주주의의 교육적 적용을 통한 삶의 전체성의 지속적인 확대는 삶의 포괄적 성장으로 제시된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a practical logic revealing the totality(integration) of life can be inferred from religious experience based on a holistic understanding of Dewey’s theory of experience and the result of this discussion can be presented as a theoretical basis of the educational application of democracy. To this end, Dewey’s empirical method is applied systematically to his religious thought. This study is organized as follows. Section 2 clarifies the characteristics of religious experience based on a conceptual analysis of imagination. For Dewey, religious experience is the immediate experience of the ideal designed imaginarily and its function consists in the comprehensive and fundamental transformation of the self and the world. A quality accompanied by the immediate experience of the ideal is understood as ‘a feeling of oneness of the self and the world’, which initiates cosmic change. Section 3 attempts to reconstruct the concepts of faith and God based on a systematic examination of the practical meaning of the ideal. Dewey derives a practical logic that reveals the circular relationship of meaning and life from the conceptual reconstruction of faith and God. Within this relationship, the divisions and conflicts in life caused by the difference in interests(purposes) and the disharmony of beliefs(meanings) are gradually dissolved, and the life is presented as an organic integration. Section 4 attempts to get to a comprehensive understanding of the growth of life based on a practical logic illuminated from holistic perspective. The concepts of scientific method and imagination, which the discussion of religious experience stresses, highlight that the furtherance of conjoint reflection and the formation of total attitude are the main tasks of the educational application of democracy. The continuous expansion of the totality of life through the educational application of democracy is presented as the comprehensive growth of life.

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