Bone fractures remain a major clinical challenge, particularly in cases involving large defects, metabolic disorders, or age-related fragility, where the intrinsic regenerative capacity of bone is insufficient to achieve full recovery. Biomaterial-bas...
Bone fractures remain a major clinical challenge, particularly in cases involving large defects, metabolic disorders, or age-related fragility, where the intrinsic regenerative capacity of bone is insufficient to achieve full recovery. Biomaterial-based strategies have therefore gained increasing attention for supporting and accelerating bone repair. Hydrogels, with their highly hydrated, tissue-mimetic networks, offer a versatile platform for cellular support, controlled therapeutic delivery, and structural integration with host tissue. Among them, Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) stands out for its intrinsic bioactivity, tunable mechanical properties, and photocrosslinkable chemistry, enabling precise fabrication of scaffolds and drug-releasing matrices. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), the principal inorganic component of natural bone, provides complementary advantages through its osteoconductivity, ion-releasing bioactivity, and ability to modulate osteogenic signaling; however, its brittleness limits its standalone use. Combining GelMA with HAp offers a promising hybrid system that integrates structural flexibility with mineral-derived biological cues.
In this study, we engineered GelMA–HAp composite hydrogels as an advanced biomimetic platform for sustained therapeutic delivery and enhanced osteogenic potential. By incorporating varying concentrations of HAp, we examined how mineral content influences hydrogel swelling behavior, network structure, and potential performance as a drug- releasing scaffold. Our results demonstrate that HAp incorporation reduces swelling ratios and promotes more stable hydrogel architecture, suggesting increased network density and improved suitability for controlled release applications. These findings highlight GelMA– HAp composites as a promising class of biomaterials capable of providing mechanical support, biologically relevant signaling, and tunable drug release, offering new opportunities for bone regeneration and targeted therapeutic delivery.