미선나무 미성숙 종자의 항산화 및 미백 활성

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미선나무 미성숙 종자는 물푸레나무과의 관목으로 전세계적으로 1속 1종의 중요한 식물자원이다. 대한민국에서는 미선나무 자생지를 보존하고 멸종위기식물로 보호하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 미선나무 미성숙 종자에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 본 연구에서 미선나무 미성숙 종자의 항산화 활성과 미백 관련 단백질인 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF의 단백질 발현 및 mRNA 수준의 발현 억제 활성을 확인하였다. 미선나무 미성숙 종자는 활성산소종에 효과가 뛰어났으며, 활성산소종은 노화, 염증, 암 등 다양한 질병을 야기시킨다. 항산화 활성은 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 환원력을 평가하였으며, 이러한 활성은 페놀류 화합물과 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 페놀류 화합물은 천연 폴리페놀이라고 불리는 파이토케미칼로서 다양한 환경적 요인에 의한 식물 방어 기작의 일환으로 생성되는 2차 대사산물이다. 페놀류 화합물은 노화, 항암을 포함한 많은 인간의 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 알려져 있다. 미선나무 미성숙 종자는 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 단백질 및 mRNA를 조절하였으며, 이러한 요인은 멜라닌 생합성에 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)의 단백질 및 mRNA를 억제하였다. MITF는 Tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2의 발현과 전사에 연관된 인자로 알려져 있다. 미선나무 미성숙 종자의 미백활성, 페놀류 화합물, 항산화 활성 사이의 연관관계를 확인하였으며, 결론적으로 미선나무 미성숙 종자는 천연 식물 자원으로부터 얻을 수 있는 항산화제 및 피부 미백을 위한 기능성 화장품 원료로 사용될 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is deciduous shrubs of flowering plant in Oleaceae. It is important plant resources and consists of one species in the world. Also the endemic plant of A. distichum has been protected and designed endangered plant in Korea. For this reason, study on the immature seeds of A. distichum (ADS) hasn’t progressed. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on proteins and mRNA levels were related in the whitening effect in B16F10 cells. ADS was effective for reaction oxygen species (ROS). ROS causes various diseases such as aging, inflammation, cancer, and etc. Antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and Reducing power. Plants were known that contained phenolic compounds were related in antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds were phytochemicals commonly named natural polyphenols. These are secondary metabolites of plants involved in the defense against different types of stresses. In results, ADS suppressed the expression and transcription of Tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-2) are known to play an important role in melanin biosynthesis. MITF regulated the expression and transcription of Tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. In conclusion, ADS was effective in both antioxidant activities and whitening effects. Also, they were associated with the content of phenolic compounds. We suggested that ADS can be use antioxidants and skin-whitening functional cosmetics material derived from natural plant resources.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 서론
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 감사의 글
• References
• 초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 노경호, "천연물에 포함된 미백성분의 추출 및 미백효과" 한국공업화학회 16 (16): 348-353, 2005

2 양은순, "제니스테인의 멜라닌 생성 억제 및 In vivo 미백 효과" 한국미생물·생명공학회 36 (36): 72-81, 2008

3 박재호, "미선나무 잎 추출물의 항산화 및 산화적 DNA 손상억제 활성" 대한본초학회 26 (26): 95-99, 2011

4 이숙영, "동백나무 잎과 꽃 추출물의 항미생물 활성 및 항산화 효과" 한국약용작물학회 13 (13): 93-100, 2005

5 Padayatty, S. J., "Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention" 22 : 18-35, 2003

6 Sohn, E. S., "Technology trend and patent information analysis of cosmetic materials derived from natural products" 8 : 466-469, 2004

7 Oyaizu, M, "Studies on products of browning reaction:antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine" 44 : 307-315, 1986

8 Seo, J. Y., "Skin aging from phenotype to mechanism" 8 : 187-194, 2001

9 Fantone, J. C., "Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions" 107 : 395-418, 1982

10 Eberlein-Konig, B., "Protective effect against sunburn of combined systemic ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d-α-tocopherol (vitamin E)" 38 : 45-48, 1998

11 Maxwell, S. R, "Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies" 49 : 345-361, 1995

12 Quideau, S., "Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis" 50 : 586-621, 2011

13 Huang, M. T., "Phenolic compounds in food and their effects on health(II), Antioxidants and cancer prevention" Am. Chem. Soc 54-71, 1992

14 Marnett, L, "Oxiradicals and DNA damage" 21 : 361-370, 2000

15 AOAC, "Official Methods of Analysis"

16 박수남, "O2으로 유도된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈에 있어서 대두의 아이소플라본인 제니스테인의 보호작용" 한국식품과학회 35 (35): 510-518, 2003

17 Lin, Y. S., "Nicotinic acid hydroxamate downregulated the melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity through activating the MEK/ERK and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways" 60 : 4859-4864, 2012

18 Asensi, M., "Natural polyphenols in cancer therapy" 48 : 197-216, 2011

19 Svobodova, A., "Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage a review" 147 : 137-145, 2003

20 Bentley, N. J., "Melanocyte-specific expression of the human tyrosinase promoter:activation by the microphthalmia gene product and role of the initiator" 14 : 7996-8006, 1994

21 Fisher, G. J., "Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging" 138 : 1462-1470, 2002

22 Shosuke, K., "Mechanism of guanine-specific DNA damage by oxidative stress and its role in carcinogenesis and aging" 488 : 65-76, 2001

23 Hearing, V. J., "Mammalian tyrosinase –the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation" 19 : 1141-1147, 1987

24 Hemesath, T. J., "MAP kinase links the transcription factor Microphthalmia to c-kit signalling in melanocytes" 391 : 298-301, 1998

25 Ahn, J. H., "LPS induces melanogenesis through p38 MAPK activation in human melanocytes" 300 : 325-329, 2008

26 Bondet, V., "Kinetics and mechanisms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical method" 30 : 609-615, 1997

27 Curto, E. V., "Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase: in vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors" 57 : 663-672, 1999

28 Ferreres, F., "Improved loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars: Variation of phenolics and antioxidative potential" 114 : 1109-1127, 2009

29 Ferreira, I. C., "Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal:Individual cap and stipe activity" 100 : 1511-1516, 2007

30 Kim, B., "Eruca sativa and its flavonoid components, quercetin and isorhamnetin, improve skin barrier function by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and suppression of inflammatory cytokines" 28 : 1359-1366, 2014

31 Hearing, V. J., "Enzymatic control of pigmentation in mammals" 5 : 2902-2909, 1991

32 Lee, M. S., "Dioxinodehydroeckol inhibits melanin synthesis through PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-treated B16F10 cells" 21 : 471-473, 2012

33 Park, H. Y., "Cellular mechanisms regulating human melanogenesis" 66 : 1493-1506, 2009

34 Jang, J. Y., "Aqueous fraction from Cuscuta japonica seed suppresses melanin synthesis through inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in B16F10 cells" 141 : 338-344, 2012

35 Van den Berg, R., "Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of mixtures" 66 : 511-517, 1999

36 Que, F., "Antioxidant activities of five Chinese rice wines and the involvement of phenolic compounds" 39 : 581-587, 2006

37 Chung, J. H., "Aging and photoaging" 49 : 690-697, 2003

38 Masaki, H., "Active oxygen scavenging activity of plant extracts" 18 : 162-166, 1995

39 Harold, E. S., "A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species" 18 : 567-579, 2007

40 Jimenez-Cervantes, C., "A new enzymatic function in the melanogenic pathway. The 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase activity of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1)" 269 : 17993-18000, 1994

41 Jagota, S. K., "A new colorimetric technique for the estimation of vitamin C using Folin phenol reagent" 127 : 178-182, 1982

42 김현구, "1. 에탄올 농도에 따른 머루(Wild Grape, Vitis coignetiae) 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성" 한국식품영양과학회 36 (36): 1491-1496, 2007