태내 산화-항산화환경이 4세 소아 행동발달에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Intrauterine Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamins on Childhood Behavioral Development at Age 4 Years

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives We aimed to define the effects of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in the intrauterine period on childhood neurobehavioral development.
MethodsZZ The behavioral status of 100 children (aged four) at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital in Korea was examined using the K-CBCL. Their maternal vitamin and oxidative stress Status were analyzed at midterm as intrauterine circumstance indices. The relationship between intrauterine condition and childhood behavioral development was analyzed using a general linear model.
ResuItsZZ K-CBCL scores were lower in the group which took high levels of maternal vitamins B_(6) and B_(12) than scores in the group which too low levels of these vitamin. In contrast, the group with high maternal oxidative stress exhibited higher scores in behavioral problem scales. After adjusting for inborn and childhood environmental covariates, K-CBCL differences were statistically significant in the B_(2) group comparison (high group vs. low group ; total problem : 47.01±1.0 vs. 53.0±1.8, internalizing Problem 46.5±1.0 vs. 51.2±1.8). In addition, significant highest means of K-CBCL were in low vitamin and high oxidative stress group than other combined groups.
ConcIusionZZ We have established a relationship between maternal vitamins and oxidative stress during pregnancy, and a 4 year-old child's behavioral development. This suggests that preventive efforts during pregnancy are influential on early childhood behavioral problems.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Ooylan LM, "Vitamin B-6 content of breast milk and neonatal behavioral functioning" 102 : 1433-1438, 2002

2 van Baar AL, "Very preterm birth is associated with disabilities in multiple developmental domains" 30 : 247-255, 2005

3 Rosano A, "Time trends in neural tube defects prevalence in relation to preventive strategies: an international study" 53 : 630-635, 1999

4 Oyemade UJ, "Prenatal predictors of performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale" 124 : 1000S-1005S, 1994

5 Butler P, "Plausibility of early nutritional deficiency as a risk factor for schizophrenia. in: Prenatal exposures in schizophrenia" American Psychiatric Press 163-193, 1999

6 Kim YJ, "Oxidative stress in pregnant women and birth weight reduction" 19 : 487-492, 2005

7 Fanjiang G, "Nutrition and performance in children" 10 : 342-347, 2007

8 Linnet KM, "Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence" 160 : 1028-1040, 2003

9 Bulut M, "Malondialdehyde levels in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder" 32 : 435-438, 2007

10 Reichman NE, "Low birth weight and school readiness" 15 : 91-116, 2005

11 Becker K, "Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms" 152 : 263-269, 2008

12 Ross BM, "Increased levels of ethane, a non-invasive marker of n-3 fatty acid oxidation, in breath of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" 6 : 277-281, 2003

13 Barker DJ, "In utero programming of chronic disease" 95 : 115-128, 1998

14 Vancassel S, "Hyperactivity in the rat is associated with spontaneous low level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the frontal cortex" 180 : 119-126, 2007

15 Todd RD, "Gene-environment interactions in the development of combined type ADHD: evidence for a synapse-based model" 144B : 971-975, 2007

16 Craciunescu CN, "Folic acid deficiency during late gestation decreases progenitor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in fetal mouse brain" 134 : 162-166, 2004

17 Tamura T, "Folate status of mothers during pregnancy and mental and psychomotor development of their children at five years of age" 116 : 703-708, 2005

18 Banerjee TD, "Environmental risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder" 96 : 1269-1274, 2007

19 Cucó G, "Effect of B1-, B6- and iron intake during pregnancy on neonatal behavior" 75 : 320-326, 2005

20 Miyake Y, "Dietary folate and vitamins B12, B6, and B2 intake and the risk of postpartum depression in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study" 96 : 133-138, 2006

21 van Baar A, "Developmental Course of Very Preterm Children in Relation to School Outcome" 18 : 273-293, 2006

22 Araki A, "Determination of free and total homocysteine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection" 422 : 43-52, 1987

23 Rosenthal MJ, "Cognitive effects of nutritional deficiency" 7 : 71-100, 1985

24 Reijneveld SA, "Behavioural and emotional problems in very preterm and very low birthweight infants at age 5 years" 91 : F423-F428, 2006

25 Bötticher B, "A new HPLC-method for the simultaneous determination of B1-, B2- and B6-vitamers in serum and whole blood" 57 : 273-278, 1987