고구려 평양 장안성 출토 각자성석(刻字城石)의 축성 구간 검증 = The Gakja Seong-seok(刻字城石) relics excavated from the Pyeong’yang area’s Jang’an-seong vestige of Goguryeo - Examining information concerning the details of fortress construction -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

From the Pyeong’yang-seong area, total of five Gakja Seong-seok relics have been found so far. Information extracted from these relics include the Ganji designation of the year the construction of the fortress began, name of the project’s supervisor, the length of fortress sections that were constructed. These are undoubtedly vital information in determining in what feature and how the Goguryeo dynasty built the Jang’an-seong fortress in Pyeong’yang.
Most of the fortress walls are now gone, but there is a detailed map of the area created during the Japanese occupation period. In this study, the map is cross-referenced with Google Earth, and verification of the information on the Gakja Seong-seok relics is attempted, using data such as circumference or gross area.
In case of relic No.1, which is generally understood to have been found near Otan, a description on that says “11 Ri(里) to the West” seems to be indicating that relic belonged to the South wall of the Middle (“Jungseong”) fortress. In case of relic No.2, which was found at the Hansa-jeong pavilion at the South side of the Jang’an-seong fortress, there is a line saying “12 Ri to the East.” Considering the length of the actual vestige, it seems like the Goguryeo people used a Cheok scale in which one Cheok was the equivalent of 35.6cm, and one ‘Ri’ equaled 1,000 Cheok units and not 1,800 Cheok units as has usually been considered to be the norm in East Asia. And that is because the latter equation, which would identify one Ri as 1,800 Cheok, would not fit the actual feature of the vestige, as either the Chinese Han-cheok(漢尺, =23cm) or the Goguryeo-cheok(=35.6cm) would not match what we have today if they were multiplied 1,800 times. Only the Goguryeo-cheok system, and when multiplied 1,000 times, would do.
In the Inner (“Naeseong”) fortress, where relics No.4 and No.5 were found, it seems there were three separate construction segments, each of being 6 Ri and 400 cheok units in length. This finding enables us to make a more reasonable assessment of the contents of relic No.5, over which various opinions have been colliding with each other. Only five relics have been found so far, but it seems highly probable that there could have been one more in the Western segment of the Inner fortress, and another in the Southern segment of the Middle fortress. And considering the existence of the Northern (“Bukseong”) fortress, it seems like there would have been total of seven or eight Gakja Seong-seok markers when the Pyeong’yang area’s Jang’an-seong fortress was being constructed.

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