중국 역사교과서에 보이는 소수민족정책과 내용 = The history textbook in China and the policy toward the Minority races

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After the foundation of modern states, it was one of significant aim that the history education has inculcated the students with Master Narrative of the states. The contents in the history textbook are recognized as an “official knowledge” and the background and process of history formulation is closely connected with the structure of the society. The considerable issues of history education are the choice or elimination, the reasonable emphasis and reduction, and the acceptance of neighboring states on the description of historical facts.
China in pre-modern times was the stage for arms and gown because the Han race settled in the middle lands had competed for the supremacy in a country with other races living around China. However, not a few Minority races exist in China and they are the creature of the times, also. The grip on the trend of Minority races is related with the current attitude of Chinese government toward them. The examination on the Chinese government understanding about the Minority races would tell us the process of Chinese history education after socialists China, at the same time.
It was not until in the middle of 1950’s that power and class struggle in the Chinese Communists was serious. Therefore, the contents of a history textbook were written with a dynastic point of view at the moment. Minority races were basically described as ‘different races’ who often committed invasion, plunge and ruin. This recognition to ‘different races’ was changed from the end of 1970’s, however. According to Marxism and the Cultural Revolution, the policy line of Minority races emphasized ‘the Union of races’. But emphasis on dynasties often inclined toward supporting of despotism or nationalism.
This tendency was stressed more and more on the background of ‘the unification of multi racial states’ from the year of 2000. In short, the story of exchange between races was added much than the story of conflicts.
After all, the Minority races described in Chinese history textbooks were not incorporated into whole but only cited insignificantly. Moreover, most parts of that description tells us why the Minority races living in the ‘present Chinese territory’ should be a part of Chinese history, simply. In addition, ‘the unification of multi racial states’ that is all races living in China including the Minority races oriented thesis is inferred surely as political idea not the results of research. According to the thesis, Chinese government is prohibiting the Minority races from the liberation movement and concentrating issues on the unification of all races in Chinese territory. Consequently, the history of the past of races and its relations were distorted by the thesis.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 윤재운, "현행 중국 역사 교과서의 소수민족 서술 내용 검토. 중국 역사 교과서의 한국고대사 서술문제" 동북아역사재단 2006

2 나카무라 사토루, "한국학중앙연구원 한국문화교류센터 옮김, 동아시아 역사교과서는 어떻게 쓰여 있을까?" 에디터 2006

3 김지훈, "중국의 신교육과정과 역사과정표준실험교과서" 동북아역사재단 (17) : 223-260, 2007

4 조세현, "중국의 국경,영토인식: 20세기 중국의 변강사 연구" 고구려연구재단 2004

5 노기식, "중국 역사교과서의 북방 민족사 서술.중국 역사 교과서의 민족,국가,영토문제" 동북아역사재단 2006

6 주한궈, "중국 역사교과서의 변혁과 ‘동아시아 역사’인식. 동아시아 역사교과서의 주변국 인식" 동북아역사재단 2008

7 이강원, "중국 변강에서 민족과 공간의 사회적 구성" 37 : 2000

8 김유리, "중국 교육과정의 변천과 역사교육" 2 : 2001

9 "전일제보통고급중학교교과서(선택과목) 중국고대사 1" 연변교육출판사 2003

10 "의무교육초급중학교과서 중국력사 2" 연변교육출판사 2002

11 "의무교육초급중학교과서 중국력사 1" 연변교육출판사 2002

12 양호환, "역사교과서의 서술양식과 학생의 역사이해" 59 : 1996

13 "보통고급중학교과정표준실험교과서 력사상의 중대한 개혁에 대한 회고 력사(선택과목1)" 연변교육출판사 2008

14 朴章培, "근현대 중국의 역사교육과 中華民族 정체성 2―중화인민공화국 시대의 민족 통합문제를 중심으로―" 중국근현대사학회 20 : 77-112, 2003

15 김유리, "개혁 개방 이후 중국의 역사교육과 ‘통일적 다민족국가론’" 6 : 2005

16 "高級中學課本 高中歷史 第二分冊" 華東師範大學出版社 2007

17 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 歷史與社會 8年級 上冊" 2003

18 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 歷史, 7년급 下冊" 北京師範大學出版社 2007

19 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 中國歷史,初中一年級(7年級) 下" 華東師範大學出版社 2007

20 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 中國歷史,初中一年級(7年級) 上" 華東師範大學出版社 2007

21 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 中國歷史, 6년급 下冊" 山東敎育出版社 2007

22 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 中國歷史, 6년급 上冊" 山東敎育出版社 2008

23 "義務敎育課程標準實驗敎科書 中國歷史 7년급 上冊" 人民敎育出版社 2001

24 "普通高中課程標準實驗敎科書 歷史上重大改革回眸 歷史(選修)" 岳麓書社 2007

25 윤휘탁, "新중화주의-‘중화민족 대가정’만들기와 한반도" 푸른 역사 2006

26 鄭夏賢, "中國의 역사교육에 있어서 소수민족 이해. 歷史敎育의 方向과 國史敎育" 솔출판사 2001

27 윤휘탁, "‘以古爲今’：중국의 민족문제와 중화민족 국가관" 동북아역사재단 (21) : 185-211, 2008

28 "9年義務敎育三年制初級中學敎科書 中國歷史 3" 人民敎育出版社 2001