창의적 사고와 집행기능의 관계에 대한 메타분석: 집행기능 유형과 자극 양식의 효과 = A meta-analysis of relation between creative thinking and executive functions: Effects of the executive function type and stimulus modality

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Creative thinking is defined as a mental process that involves novel and useful idea generation. Executive functions (EF's), a set of goal-directed cognitive functions, can play an important role in creative thinking. However, previous findings reported conflicting results regarding the relation between creative thinking and EF's. In this meta-analysis study, we aimed to identify moderator effects of the EF types and/or congruency between stimulus modalities used in creative thinking and EF tasks, by analyzing 232 effects from 28 research papers. For this purpose, each EF task used in the previous studies was subdivided into ‘semantic’ and ‘domain-general’. Additionally, the stimulus modalities used in the creative thinking and EF tasks were divided into ‘verb’, ‘non-verb’, and ‘multi-modal’, and were classified as ‘same’ or ‘different’ according to the congruency between the tasks. The results showed that the effect sizes for creative thinking were greater in the semantic EF compared to domain-general EF, and those of the same modality were greater than different modality. In conclusion, it appears to be necessary to consider the type of EF and the stimulus modality of tasks for the relation between creative thinking and EF's.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

창의적 사고는 새롭고 유용한 아이디어를 생성하는 심적 과정이다. 목표지향적인 인지 기능들의 집합인 집행기능은 창의적 사고 과정에서 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 그러나 관련 연구들은 창의적 사고와 집행기능의 관계에 대하여 상이한 결과를 보고하고 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 28개의 관련 연구에서 보고된 232개의 효과크기를 분석함으로써, 집행기능 유형과 자극 양식의 일치 여부가 창의적 사고와 집행기능의 관계에 미치는 영향을 메타분석으로 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 각 연구에서 사용한 집행기능 과제는 의미적 유형과 영역 일반적 유형으로 세분화되었다. 또한, 창의적 사고 과제와 집행기능 과제의 측정치에 대하여 언어, 비언어, 또는 중다양식으로 분류한 다음, 두 과제 간 자극 양식의 일치 여부를 구분하였다. 분석 결과, 의미적 집행기능이 영역 일반적 집행기능보다 창의적 사고에 대하여 더 큰 효과크기를 보였으며, 자극 양식이 일치하는 경우에 그렇지 않은 경우보다 창의적 사고에 대한 효과크기가 더 크게 나타났다. 종합하면, 본 연구의 결과는 창의적 사고와 집행기능의 관계에서 집행기능 유형과 과제 자극 양식의 영향을 고려하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

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