국제법상 분리독립 전후의 행위 귀속-차고스 해양보호구역 사건 중재판정의 재검토- = A ttribution of Conducts in cases of Secession under International Law

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2015년 차고스 해양보호구역 사건 중재판정에는 1968년 모리셔스의 독립이 1965년 당시영국 식민지 모리셔스의 정치적 지도자들과 영국 대표 간의 이른바 랭카스터 하우스 공약을 양국 간의 국제적 합의로 전환시키는 효과를 가진다는 판시가 들어 있지만, 그러한 전환의 법적 근거는 명시되지 않았다. 이 글에서는 권위 있는 국제법 학술단체의 의견과 ICJ의판례에 입각하여 국제법상 그러한 독립의 효과가 인정될 수 있음을 보이고자 하였다. 그러한 학설과 판례에 따르면, 국가승계일자 이전에 반란단체나 민족해방운동단체 등이 한 행위는 그러한 단체가 새로운 국가를 수립하는 데 성공한 경우 그 새로운 국가의 행위로 본다는 것이다. 특히 2001년 국가의 국제위법행위에 관한 조문 초안 제10조(2)는 행위의 위법성이 아니라 행위의 귀속에 관한 규정일 뿐이므로, 민족해방운동단체 등이 선행국과 체결한 합의에 동의를 표시하는 행위에도 적용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 1965년 당시 모리셔스대표들이 예컨대 민족해방운동단체에 해당한다면, 1965년 공약은 1968년 모리셔스 독립 이후 영국과 모리셔스 간의 국제적 합의로 전환되었다고 볼 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the 2015 Award in the matter of the Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration, the Tribunal has found that the independence of Mauritius in 1968 had the effect of transforming the commitments made in 1965 into an international agreement, but has not given any legal grounds on which those findings could be based. This paper aims at clarifying whether the independence of a previous colony as a new State may have such effect, and if so, on what legal grounds. In light of relevant authorities including the works of the International Law Commission and the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the conduct, prior to the date of independence, of a national liberation, insurrectional or other movement, or an entity or organ that later becomes the organ of the new State may be considered the act of the new State. Since Article 10, paragraph 2, of the 2001 Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, among others, is concerned only with the attribution of conducts, not with wrongfulness of them, it would also be applicable to the act of expressing the consent of a national liberation, or other movement to be bound by an agreement between the movement and the pre-existing State.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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