Public and private ownership of British industry, 1820-1990

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Figures = xiv
• List of Tables = xv
• 1. INTRODUCTION: GOVERNMENT AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES = 1
• 2. COMPETITION IN THE NEW NETWORK TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES 1820-1870 = 10
• Introduction = 10
• Railways: Competition and Expansion = 13
• Regulatory Policy and Railway Performance = 21
• Testing the Efficiency of the Railway Regime = 26
• Competition and the Emergence of Private Gas and Water Monopolies = 28
• Contested Gas and Water Markets = 34
• The Failure of the Regulation of the Private Gas and Water Companies 1820-1870 = 41
• Telegraphs: Competition and Co-operation = 48
• Government Telegraph Policy = 53
• Conclusion = 60
• 3. THE POLITICAL RESPONSE TO MARKET FAILURE: RAILWAYS AND OTHER NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS 1870-1914 = 66
• Introduction: The Post Office Model = 66
• Nationalization of the Telegraph and the Effect on Costs = 69
• An International Comparison of Telegraph Use = 78
• Railway Tariffs, Services, and Costs = 81
• Amalgamations, Regulation, and Railways as Businesses = 87
• The Costs of Railway Services: An International Comparison = 91
• The Telephone Companies, the Post Office, and the Road to Nationalization = 97
• An International Comparison of Performance in Telephones = 108
• Conclusion = 111
• 4. PRICES, PROFITS, AND GOVERNMENT: GAS AND TELEGRAPH IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY = 122
• Introduction = 122
• The Objectives of Local Utilities: Size, Profits, Votes? = 123
• The Gas Industry 1870-1914 = 124
• Results and Conclusions of the Gas Industry Case-Study = 134
• General Features of Telegraph Tariff Rates in Europe and the USA 1850-1914 = 139
• Testing the justification for Subsidies in European Telegraph Systems = 144
• Conclusions on Telegraph Financial Policy = 148
• 5. EXPLAINING THE SHIFT TO PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: THE HALCYON DAYS OF MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 1870-1920 = 162
• Introduction = 162
• The New Networks in Electricity and Tramways = 163
• General Factors in Municipalization = 167
• Case-Study of Gas: The Basic Data = 169
• Urbanization, Fiscal Revenue, and Municipalization = 176
• Legislation, Finance, and Ideology = 181
• The Duration and Incidence of Municipal Ownership = 185
• Summary and Conclusions = 189
• 6. OWNERSHIP AND COST EFFECTIVENESS: EVIDENCE FROM THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY = 197
• Introduction = 197
• Efficiency and Ownership: Some General Considerations = 199
• Economic Structure and Trends in Electricity and Gas 1890-1940 = 201
• Contemporary Studies of Performance = 204
• Cost Functions and the Sample Data in Electricity = 208
• Methods of Analysis and Basic Data for Gas = 212
• Results and Conclusions = 217
• 7. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF PERFORMANCE IN NATIONAL NETWORKS IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD = 240
• Introduction = 240
• Railways = 241
• Restricting Intermodal Competition = 249
• Productivity Comparisons with the USA: Telephones = 251
• Productivity Comparisons with the USA: Railways and Electricity Generation = 258
• Wireless Broadcasting = 265
• Conclusion = 270
• 8. THE CAUSES AND CONTENT OF THE 1940S NATIONALIZATIONS = 274
• Introduction = 274
• Government and Industry in the Inter-war Period = 277
• The Emergence of Large Business Units in Electricity, Gas, and Water 1930-1950 = 280
• Amalgamations in Railways, Airlines, and Coal = 284
• Public Ownership = 288
• Nationalization = 291
• The Public Corporation = 294
• Conclusions = 299
• 9. THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NATIONALIZED INDUSTRIES 1950-1985 = 300
• Introduction = 300
• Interpreting the Industries' Objectives = 301
• The Financial Record = 304
• The Productivity Record = 306
• Government, Inflation Policy, and Nationalized Industry Pricing = 314
• Conclusions = 318
• 10. PRIVATIZATION OF INDUSTRY IN THE 1980s = 319
• Introduction = 319
• Industry Ownership and Performance = 320
• Competition and Industrial Performance = 325
• Regulation of Newly Privatized Industry = 328
• The Political Economy of Privatization = 331
• Summary and Conclusion = 338
• 11. NETWORKS IN PERSPECTIVE = 340
• Introduction: Network Industry Concepts = 340
• Network Industry Performance and Institutional Change = 341
• Explaining Network Industry Policy and Institutions = 343
• Conclusion = 346
• Bibliography = 348
• Index = 375