Comparative Analysis of the Arms Trade Patterns of U.S. and China using a Gravity Model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Despite the political and economic importance of the arms trade, few structural and economic approaches to this topic have been pursued. In this paper, we claim that, because the arms trade is a form of international trade between countries, a general economic model can be applied. This study focused on the international arms trade of the U.S. and China, the two major global arms exporters. We found that the two countries exhibited different patterns in their arms trade. For the U.S., its military alliance network is the main foundation of its trade in weapons, while the arms trade is considered to be more of a typical international trade transaction for China. The growing body of research on the global trading of weapons suggests that further research based on a variety of theoretical perspectives is required for the arms trade. Accordingly, this study can be considered a starting point for the investigation into the role of military alliances as an arms trade channel in the global arms trade market.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Corsetti, Giancarlo, "What Drives US Foreign Borrowing? Evidence on External Adjustment to Transitory and Permanent Shocks" 102 (102): 1062-1092, 2012

2 Kim, Ji Young, "Toward Building a Security Community in East Asia: Impediments to and Possibilities for South Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Security Cooperation" 25 (25): 503-518, 2013

3 Anders, Akerman, "The Global Arms Trade Network 1950-2007" 42 (42): 535-551, 2007

4 Nello, Susan Senior, "The European Union: Economics, Policies and History" McGraw Hill Education 2009

5 Ryu, Ki Hyun, "The Determinants of Technology Transfer through Networks: An Empirical Study on the Aerospace Industry" 9 (9): 326-341, 2010

6 Tan, Andrew. H., "The Arms Race in Asia: Trends, Causes and Implications" Routledge 2014

7 Burt, Ronald. S., "Structural Holes and Good Idea" 110 (110): 349-399, 2004

8 Gulati, Ranjay, "Network Location and Learning: The Influence of Network Resources and Firm Capabilities on Network Formation" 20 (20): 397-420, 1999

9 U. S. Office of the Secretary of Defense, "Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013" 2013

10 Tsai, Wenpin, "Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks: Effect of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance" 44 (44): 996-1004, 2001

11 Borgatti, Stephen P., "Graph Colorings and Power in Experimental Exchange Networks" 14 (14): 287-308, 1992

12 Hennart, Jean-Francois, "Explaining the Swollen Middle: Why Most Transactions are a Mix of Market and Hierarchy" 4 (4): 529-547, 1993

13 Granovetter, Mark G., "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness" 91 (91): 481-510, 1985

14 Grimmett, Richard. F., "Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2004-2011" Congressional Research Service 2012

15 Cheng, I. Hui, "Controlling for Heterogeneity in Gravity Models of Trade and Integration" 87 (87): 49-63, 2005

16 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "China Replaces UK as World’s Fifth Largest Arms Exporter, says SIPRI"

17 Freeman, Linton. C., "Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification" 1 (1): 215-239, 1978

18 Poncet, Sandra, "A Fragmented China: Measure and Determinants of Chinese Domestic Market Disintegration" 13 (13): 409-430, 2005