British soldierflies and their allies : an illustrated guide to their identification and ecology : covering all flies (Diptera) in the families Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae, Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae and Xylophagidae

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = 1
• 1. Introduction = 3
• 2. Observing, Collecting and Recording = 7
• Field craft and making observations = 7
• Photography = 14
• Ecological studies = 14
• Recording = 15
• Conservation = l6
• References = 17
• 3. Habitats and Seasons = 19
• Habitats = 19
• Seasons and flight periods = 22
• 4. The Early Stages = 25
• Recognising the group = 25
• Oviposition and eggs = 27
• Larvae = 27
• Pupae and puparia = 28
• Habitats of early stages = 29
• Finding larvae and pupae = 30
• Rearing larvae and pupae = 31
• The keys = 32
• References = 33
• TEXT FIGURE 1 - PUPAE = 35
• TEXT FIGURE 2 - NON-PREDATORY LARVAE = 36
• TEXT FIGURE 3 - PREDATORY LARVAE = 38
• 5. Keys to Larvae and Pupae = 39
• Larvae = 39
• Key to Families = 39
• Family ASILIDAE = 42
• Family ATHERICIDAE = 50
• Family RHAGIONIDAE = 51
• Family STRATIOMYIDAE = 54
• Family TABANIDAE = 75
• Family THEREVIDAE = 80
• Family XYLOMYIDAE = 81
• Family XYLOPHAGIDAE = 82
• Pupae = 83
• Key to Families = 83
• Family ASILIDAE = 86
• Family BOMBYLIIDAE = 92
• Family THEREVIDAE = 96
• Family XYLOPHAGIDAE = 98
• References = 98
• 6. The Adult Stage = 101
• Recognising the Group = 101
• Structure of the adult fly = 102
• Determining the sex = 104
• References = 105
• TEXT FIGURE 4 - PARTS OF A FLY = 106
• TEXT FIGURE 5 - WINGS = 107
• 7. Keys to Adults = 109
• Key to Families = 109
• Family ACROCERIDAE = 112
• Family ASILIDAE = 113
• Family ATHERICIDAE = 122
• Family BOMBYLIIDAE = 122
• Family RHAGIONIDAE = 129
• Family SCENOPINIDAE = 134
• Family STRATIOMYIDAE = 134
• Family TABANIDAE = 154
• Family THEREVIDAE = 175
• Family XYLOMYIDAE = 182
• Family XYLOPHAGIDAE = 183
• References = 183
• 8. Acroceridae(Hunchback-flies) = 185
• Biology = 185
• Behaviour of adults = 185
• Eggs = 186
• Larvae = 186
• Pupae = 188
• Enemies = 188
• Ecology and distribution = 189
• Rearing hunchback-flies = 189
• Description of the fauna = 189
• Recognition of the family = 189
• Genus OGCODES = 190
• Genus PARACROCERA = 190
• References = 191
• 9. Asilidae(Robberflies) = 193
• Biology = 193
• Behaviour of adults = 193
• Hunting = 194
• Resting = 197
• Courtship = 197
• Egg-laying = 199
• Eggs = 200
• Larvae = 201
• Pupae = 202
• Enemies = 202
• Ecology and distribution = 203
• Status of the fauna = 204
• Observing and collecting robberflies = 205
• Rearing robberflies = 205
• Description of the fauna = 206
• Recognition of the family = 206
• Some hints on identification = 206
• Subfamily and generic classification = 206
• Genus ASILUS = 208
• Genus CHOERADES = 209
• Genus DIOCTRIA = 211
• Genus DYSMACHUS = 215
• Genus EUTOLMUS = 216
• Genus LAPHRIA = 217
• Genus LASIOPOGON = 218
• Genus LEPTARTHRUS = 219
• Genus LEPTOGASTER = 220
• Genus MACHIMUS = 222
• Genus NEOITAMUS = 226
• Genus NEOMOCHTHERUS = 228
• Genus PAMPONERUS = 228
• Genus PHILONICUS = 229
• Genus RHADIURGUS = 230
• References = 230
• 10. Athericidae(Water-Snipeflies) = 235
• Biology = 235
• Behaviour of adults = 235
• Eggs = 236
• Larvae = 236
• Pupae = 237
• Enemies = 237
• Ecology and distribution = 237
• Status of the fauna = 237
• Observing and collecting water-snipeflies = 238
• Rearing water-snipeflies = 238
• Description of the fauna = 238
• Recognition of the family = 238
• Genus ATHERIX = 238
• Genus ATRICHOPS = 239
• Genus IBISIA = 240
• References = 240
• 11. Bombyliidae(Bee-flies) = 243
• Biology = 243
• Behaviour of adults = 243
• Need for warmth = 243
• Flower visiting = 244
• Courtship = 245
• Vision = 245
• Hosts = 245
• Egg-laying = 246
• Eggs = 247
• Larvae = 247
• Pupae = 248
• Enemies = 248
• Ecology and distribution = 249
• Status of the fauna = 250
• Observing and collecting bee-flies = 250
• Rearing bee-flies = 251
• Description of the fauna = 251
• Recognition of the family = 251
• Subfamily classification = 252
• [Genus ANTHRAX] = 252
• Genus BOMBYLIUS = 253
• [Genus GLABELLULA] = 256
• Genus PHTHIRIA = 256
• Genus THYRIDANTHRAX = 257
• Genus VILLA = 258
• References = 260
• 12. Rhagionidae(Snipeflies) = 263
• Biology = 263
• Behaviour of adults = 263
• Eggs = 264
• Larvae = 264
• Pupae = 265
• Ecology and distribution = 265
• Status of the fauna = 265
• Observing and collecting snipeflies = 266
• Rearing snipeflies = 266
• Description of the fauna = 267
• Recognition of the family = 267
• Hints on identification = 267
• Genus CHRYSOPILUS = 268
• Genus PTIOLINA = 270
• Genus RHAGIO = 271
• Genus SPANIA = 275
• Genus SYMPHOROMYIA = 275
• References = 276
• 13. Scenopinidae(Windowflies) = 279
• Biology = 279
• Behaviour of adults = 279
• Eggs = 279
• Larvae = 279
• Pupae = 280
• Ecology and distribution = 280
• Description of the fauna = 280
• Genus SCENOPINUS = 281
• References = 282
• 14. Stratiomyidae(Soldierflies) = 283
• Biology = 284
• Behaviour of adults = 284
• Eggs = 286
• Larvae = 286
• Puparia = 289
• Enemies = 290
• Ecology and distribution = 290
• Status of the fauna = 292
• Observing and collecting soldierflies = 293
• Flowers and foliage = 293
• Sweeping = 294
• Hovering males = 294
• Traps = 294
• Rearing soldierflies = 294
• Description of the fauna = 295
• Recognition of the family = 295
• Subfamily classification = 296
• Genus BERIS = 297
• Genus CHLOROMYIA = 300
• Genus CHORISOPS = 301
• Genus EUPACHYGASTER = 302
• Genus MICROCHRYSA = 303
• Genus NEMOTELUS = 304
• Genus NEOPACHYGASTER = 307
• Genus ODONTOMYIA = 308
• Genus OPLODONTHA = 312
• Genus OXYCERA = 313
• Genus PACHYGASTER = 321
• Genus SARGUS = 322
• Genus STRATIOMYS = 324
• Genus VANOYIA = 328
• Genus ZABRACHIA = 329
• References = 330
• 15 Tabanidae(Horseflies) = 335
• Biology = 335
• Behaviour of adults = 335
• Biting = 336
• Feeding at flowers and honeydew = 337
• Hovering males and courtship = 337
• Males dipping at water = 338
• Visiting puddles and mud = 339
• Eye structure and function = 339
• Body reflections = 340
• Mobility = 341
• Eggs = 341
• Larvae = 342
• Pupae = 343
• Enemies = 343
• Ecology and distribution = 344
• Status of the fauna = 345
• Observing and collecting horseflies = 345
• Catching horseflies attracted to man = 346
• Collecting off animals = 346
• Flowers = 347
• Basking and sitting = 347
• Sweeping = 347
• Looking for hovering males = 347
• Looking for drinking sites = 348
• Traps = 348
• A hot vehicle = 349
• Rearing horseflies = 349
• Description of the fauna = 350
• Recognition of the family = 350
• Some hints on identification = 350
• Subfamily classification = 351
• Genus ATYLOTUS = 352
• Genus CHRYSOPS = 355
• Genus HAEMATOPOTA = 358
• Genus HYBOMITRA = 363
• Genus TABANUS = 371
• The literature = 378
• References = 379
• 16. Therevidae(Stiletto-flies) = 385
• Biology = 385
• Behaviour of adults = 385
• Egg-laying = 386
• Eggs = 386
• Larvae = 386
• Pupae = 388
• Enemies = 388
• Ecology and distribution = 388
• Description of the fauna = 389
• Genus ACROSATHE = 389
• Genus CLIORISMIA = 390
• Genus DIALINEURA = 391
• Genus PANDIVIRILIA = 392
• Genus SPIRIVERPA = 392
• Genus THEREVA = 393
• References = 400
• 17. Xylomyidae(Wood-Soldierflies) = 403
• Biology = 403
• Behaviour of the adults = 403
• Eggs = 403
• Larvae = 404
• Puparia = 404
• Ecology and distribution = 404
• Status of the fauna = 404
• Observing and rearing wood-soldierflies = 404
• Description of the fauna = 405
• Genus SOLVA = 405
• Genus XYLOMYA = 406
• References = 407
• 18. Xylophagidae(Awl-flies) = 409
• Biology = 409
• Behaviour of adults = 409
• Eggs = 409
• Larvae = 409
• Pupae = 410
• Ecology and distribution = 410
• Status of the fauna = 410
• Observing and collecting awl-flies = 410
• Rearing awl-flies = 411
• Description of the fauna = 411
• Genus XYLOPHAGUS = 411
• References = 413
• 19. Check List = 415
• Family classification = 415
• The British species list = 416
• References = 423
• 20. British area lists = 425
• 21. Glossaries = 427
• General Glossary = 427
• List of Plant Names = 431
• Genitalia and Abdominal Patterns = 435
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Male Genitalia = Pl. A
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Male Genitalia = Pl. B
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Male Genitalia = Pl. C
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Male Genitalia = Pl. D
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Female Ovipositors = Pl. E
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies) - Female Ovipositors = Pl. F
• THEREVIDAE - Male Genitalia = Pl. G
• THEREVIDAE - Male Genitalia = Pl. H
• STRATIOMYIDAE - Abdominal Patterns = Pl. I
• STRATIOMYIDAE - Abdominal Patterns = Pl. J
• STRATIOMYIDAE - Abdominal Patterns = Pl. K
• STRATIOMYIDAE - Abdominal Patterns = Pl. L
• Colour Plates = 461
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies, part) = Pl. 1
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies, part) = Pl. 2
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies, part) = Pl. 3
• ASILIDAE(Robberflies, part) = Pl. 4
• ACROCERIDAE(Hunchback-flies), ATHERICIDAE(Water-snipeflies), BOMBYLIIDAE(Bee-flies, part : long-tongued species) = Pl. 5
• BOMBYLIIDAE(Bee-flies, part : short-tongued species), RHAGIONIDAE(Snipeflies, part) = Pl. 6
• RHAGIONIDAE(Snipeflies, part) = Pl. 7
• SCENOPINIDAE(Windowflies), STRATIOMYIDAE(Soldierflies, part : terrestrial species) = Pl. 8
• STRATIOMYIDAE(Soldierflies, part : small aquatic species) = Pl. 9
• STRATIOMYIDAE(Soldierflies, part : large aquatic species) = Pl. 10
• TABANIDAE(Horseflies, part) = Pl. 11
• TABANIDAE(Horseflies, part) = Pl. 12
• TABANIDAE(Horseflies, part) = Pl. 13
• TABANIDAE(Horseflies, part) = Pl. 14
• TABANIDAE(Horseflies, part) = Pl. 15
• THEREVIDAE(Stiletto-flies, part : genus without silver males - Thereva) = Pl. 16
• THEREVIDAE(Stiletto-flies, part : genera with silver males), XYLOPHAGIDAE(Awl-flies), XYLOMYIDAE(Wood-soldierflies) = Pl. 17
• Representative species from several families = Pl. 18
• Eye Patterns of Horseflies = Pl. 19
• Early stages and a parasitoid of soldierflies. = Pl. 20
• Index = 503