Aim/Objective: Preclinical studies, including those on pharyngeal, thyroid, and liver cancer cells, and a retrospective Taiwanese cohort reporting a reduced risk of overall, prostate, and colorectal cancer compared to non-users, have suggested a chemo...
Aim/Objective: Preclinical studies, including those on pharyngeal, thyroid, and liver cancer cells, and a retrospective Taiwanese cohort reporting a reduced risk of overall, prostate, and colorectal cancer compared to non-users, have suggested a chemo preventive effect of colchicine in gout patients. This study aimed to validate this hypothesis using a large-scale Korean cohort and a more rigorous methodological design.
Methods: We utilized the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS–NSC) (2002–2019), employing an active comparator, new-user design. The study population included new users of colchicine or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) following a gout diagnosis. To minimize potential biases, a 1:2 Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure was implemented, adjusting for comprehensive covariates including demographics, underlying comorbidities, and concomitant medications. The final matched cohort consisted of 6,296 colchicine users and 12,592 NSAID users. The primary outcome was the first incidence of any cancer (ICD-10 codes C00–C97). A 1-year lag time was applied to mitigate reverse causation. The hazard ratio (HR) for cancer incidence was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: The crude cancer incidence rate (IR) was 9.70 per 1,000 person-years for the colchicine cohort and 9.71 per 1,000 person-years for the NSAIDs cohort. The primary analysis, using the PS-matched and fully adjusted Cox model, revealed no statistically significant difference in the risk of overall cancer incidence between colchicine and NSAIDs (aHR 1.00; 95% CI 0.88-1.14). Furthermore, no statistically significant cancer preventive effect was detected in the secondary outcomes (gastric, liver, lung, and colorectal cancer) or across subgroup analyses.
Conclusions: This study, utilizing large-scale Korean claims data and a strictly designed methodology, established that the purported chemo preventive effect of colchicine does not translate to a superior clinical outcome when benchmarked against the active comparator, NSAIDs. This robust null finding suggests that the protective signal reported in previous observational studies was likely an artifact resulting from unaddressed residual confounding. Therefore, therapeutic selection between colchicine and NSAIDs should prioritize established efficacy and patient-specific safety profiles over unverified chemo preventive claims.