정서몸짓에 대한 사회불안자의 경계·회피 반응 연구 = A study on the vigilance-avoidance pattern of social anxiety group toward emotional bodily expression

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of the current study was to investigate the attentional process of emotional (happy and angry) bodily expression recognition of a group of individuals with social anxiety. We presented pairs of emotional (angry or happy) and neutral bodily expressions to 17 individuals with high social anxiety (HSA) and 19 individuals with low social anxiety (LSA) and measured eye-movement. Categorization of emotion and rating for emotional intensity, malice, and threatening level of bodily expression was performed after measurement of eye movement. According to the results, participants in the HSA group were initially fixated and immediately avoided to happy and angry body compared to neutral body. However, participants in the LSA group showed avoidance toward angry body only. In the subjective rating and categorization, participants in the HSA group perceived happy bodily expression as more threatening than those in the LSA group. In addition, participants perceived emotional bodily expression as more intense and threatening, they showed greater avoidance of staring at emotional bodily expression. These results imply that participants in the HSA group showed a vigilance-avoidance pattern toward emotional bodily expression and perceived emotional bodily expression as more intensive and threatening.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이정윤, "한국판 사회공포증 척도(K-SAD, K-FNE)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구" 16 (16): 251-264, 1997

2 권석만, "우울과 불안의 관계 : 유발 생활 사건과 인지내용에 있어서의 공통점과 차이점" 5 (5): 13-38, 1992

3 de Gelder, B., "Why bodies? Twelve reasons for including bodily expressions in affective neuroscience" 364 : 3475-3484, 2009

4 Aina, Y., "Understanding comorbidity with depression and anxiety disorders" 106 (106): 9-14, 2006

5 Staugaard, S. R., "Threatening faces and social anxiety : A literature review" 30 (30): 669-690, 2010

6 Gamble, A. L., "The time-course of attention to emotional faces in social phobia" 41 (41): 39-44, 2010

7 Harrigan, J. A., "The new handbook of methods in nonverbal behaviour research" Oxford University Press 2008

8 한덕웅, "Spielberger 상태-특성 불안 검사의 표준화" 10 (10): 214-222, 1993

9 Mogg, K., "Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia" 113 (113): 160-165, 2004

10 Hadjikhani, N., "Seeing fearful body expressions activates the fusiform cortex and amygdala" 13 (13): 2201-2205, 2003

11 Bannerman, R. L., "Orienting to threat : Faster localization of fearful facial expressions and body postures revealed by saccadic eye movements" 276 (276): 1635-1641, 2009

12 Garner, M., "Orienting and maintenance of gaze to facial expressions in social anxiety" 115 (115): 760-770, 2006

13 Cisler, J. M., "Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders : An integrative review" 30 (30): 203-216, 2010

14 Watson, D., "Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety" 33 (33): 448-457, 1969

15 Spielberger, C. D., "Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" Consulting Psychologist Press 1970

16 Stevens, S., "Influence of alcohol on the processing of emotional facial expressions in individuals with social phobia" 48 (48): 125-140, 2009

17 Mathews, A., "Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety" 16 (16): 331-354, 2002

18 Wieser, M., "Fear of negative evaluation and the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis : An eye-tracking study" 116 (116): 717-723, 2009

19 Schneider, W., "E-Prime 2.0 user’s guide" Psychology Software Tools 2007

20 Ekman, P., "Differential communication of affect by head and body cues" 2 (2): 725-735, 1965

21 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" American Psychiatric Association 2000

22 Kret, M. E., "Context, gender and personality factors influencing the perception of facial and bodily expressions of emotion" Tilburg University 2011

23 Williams, J. M., "Cognitive psychology and emotional disorder" Wiley 1997

24 Joormann, J., "Cognitive aspects of depression, In Handbook of depression" Guilford Press 298-321, 2009

25 Coulson, M., "Attributing emotion to static body postures : Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence" 28 (28): 117-139, 2004

26 Gilbert, T., "Attentional biases using the body in the crowd task: Are angry body postures detected more rapidly?" 25 (25): 700-708, 2011

27 Amir, N., "Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia : A randomized controlled trial" 77 (77): 961-973, 2009

28 Bögels, S. M., "Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia : Hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention" 24 (24): 827-856, 2004

29 Bar-Haim, Y., "Attention bias modification (ABM): A novel treatment for anxiety disorders" 51 (51): 859-870, 2010

30 Beck, A. T., "An inventory for measuring depression" 4 (4): 561-571, 1961

31 Clark, D. M., "A cognitive model of social phobia, In Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment" The Guilford Press 69-93, 1995

32 Mathews, A., "A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety" 22 (22): 539-560, 1998

33 Leary, M. R., "A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale" 9 (9): 371-375, 1983