4차 산업혁명을 맞는 주체성: 과잉과 대안의 성찰 = Selfhood Facing the 4th Industrial Revolution: Reflections on the Overly Inflated Self and the Alternatives

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Human history has been the process of expanding human control over environment. The critical factor from psychological viewpoint is the emergence of the selfhood owing to the capacity for self-consciousness and language. The Western self, armed with the political philosophies of individualism and liberalism, redefined the nature of humanity and provided incessant source of power to energize its quest of expanding control over environment in undeterred manner. The development of technology has got rid of most restraints which defined the humanity and posed a pivotal moment to proceed beyond the humanity. Facing the 4th industrial revolution, humanity experiences the age of selfhood being overly inflated. Two symptoms are noted as exposing such symptoms: the obsession with happiness and the increase of narcissism across nations. To understand this inflated self and the proposals to deflate it, we review briefly two approaches-- self actualization and self transcendence-- and relate them to mature personality. We review some alternative conceptions arising to quiet the self such as self-expansion, selflessness, and the interactive self. We propose a new perspective of the interactive selfhood(Chok self), couched in the Korean worldview, is a promising alternative to cure the overly inflated self.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간의 역사는 생활의 주체로서 자신을 구속하는 환경에 대한 통제력을 확대시켜 온 과정이라 볼 수 있다. 이 확대에 결정적인 역할을 한 것은 언어와 자의식의 출현이다. 자의식에 의해 성립한 주체성(selfhood)은 개인주의와 자유주의로 사상적 무장을 하면서 개인의 욕망을 무한대로 추구하고 충족시키는 생활방식을 추구해 왔다. 바야흐로 기술발전에 힘입어 인간을 규정해 왔던 모든 제약을 풀고 신이 되는 것이 가능한 4차산업혁명의 시대를 맞고 있다. 우리는 이런 현상이 주체성이 과잉적으로 확대되면서 가능해 졌다고 본다. 주체성의 과잉 양상은 삶을 행복의 추구 과정으로 규정하면서 행복강박증과 자기애성향의 증가라는 증상을 드러내고 있다. 이런 과정을 이해하기 위해, 주체성의 진화 과정을 짚어 보고, 주체성의 조절과 관련된 자기실현, 자기초월, 성숙에 대한 논의를 일별한 후에 과잉 주체성에 대한 해법이 될 수 있는 새로운 접근으로 주체성 확장과 해체의 논의를 살핀 후 한국인의 세계관에 바탕한 쪽자기적 주체성 개념을 제시하였다.

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