Cultural Hybridity, Theory, and Literary Realism

국문 초록 (Abstract)

탈식민지론과 초문화적 문학을 다루는 현대문학비평에서는 사실주의를 혼종성의 역으로 보고자 문화적 혼종성과 반사실주의적 양식을 동일시하는 경향이 있다. 1980년대에 역사와 문화에 대한 새로운 해석과 비전통적 문제를 제기하면서 탈식민지 이론은 주변적 위치에서 학계의 중심으로 옮겨왔으며, 문학과 미학적 재현의 문제를 핵심적으로 다룬다. 탈식민지론은 사실주의의 지방적 문학보다 혼종성과 이주와 같은 국제적 이슈를 지향하는 세계문학을 선호하는데, 이것은 탈식민지론을 문제적인 미학적 계층구조로 이끈다고 보며 본고에서 심도 있게 논의하고자 한다. 탈식민지론 내의 몇몇 주류 비평가들은 사실주의가 경험의 자연발생적 양식에 대해 환상을 조장한다는 이유로 문제적이라 규정한다. 즉, 사실주의가 허위의식을 구체화하고 감정의 제국주의적 구조를 강화한다고 보는 것이다. 필자는 문화적 혼종성의 재현으로서 반사실주의 문학에 집착하는 것은 문제가 있다고 보는데, 이것은 문화적 혼종성에서 주장된 급진주의가 의심스러울 뿐 아니라, 그 급진주의로는 문학적 사실주의의 미적 잠재성을 적절히 읽어낼 수 없기 때문이다. 필자는 탈식민지 및 초문화적 미적표현의 의미를 다시 엮는 방식으로써 사실주의의 회복을 허용하는 읽기 관행이 필요하다고 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article discusses the tendency to equate cultural hybridity with anti-realist modes, while, conversely, to see realism as the opposite to hybridity, in much contemporary criticism on postcolonialism and transcultural literatures. During the 1980s, postcolonial studies gradually moved from the margins to the centre of academia by raising a series of unorthodox questions as well as developing new interpretations of history and culture. Literature and questions of aesthetic representations have been at the centre of postcolonial studies ever since its beginnings. Postcolonial studies has tended to prefer global literatures oriented towards cosmopolitan issues of hybridity and migration―rather than more realist-provincial texts. This has among other things led to a problematic aesthetic hierarchy within the field that I will attempt to address in the following. Realism, as defined by some of the dominant postcolonial critics, is problematic because it allegedly promotes the illusion of an unmediated form of experience; it constitutes the embodiment of false consciousness, the reinforcement of imperialist structures of feelings. The fetishisation of anti-realist literary forms as representations of cultural hybridity is problematic, I argue, not only because the alleged radicalism of cultural hybridity in itself is questionable, but also because it fails to read adequately the aesthetic potential of literary realism. What is needed, I will go on to argue, is a reading practice that allows for a recuperation of realism as a modality that re-engages with the implications of postcolonial and transcultural aesthetic expressions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Cultural Hybridity
• Anti-Realist Sentiments
• The Postcolonial Margin
• Realism as a Straw Man
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Abstract

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