Strategies for Asia Pacific

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Tables = xi
• List of Figures = xii
• Acknowledgements = xiv
• Introduction : The Asia Pacific Region : The Limits of Global Management = xv
• List of Abbreviations = xx
• 1. The strategic importance of Asia Pacific = 1
• The role of Asia Pacific in the world economy = 1
• Asia Pacific as a region = 1
• Economic size compared = 4
• Economic size reconsidered = 7
• Growth as a driver = 10
• Limits of growth = 15
• Sub-regions and linkages = 16
• Intra-regional cooperation = 16
• Defining sub-regions = 18
• Links with the outside world = 19
• 2. Formulating strategies for Asia Pacific = 23
• A strategic framework for Asia Pacific = 23
• Ambition for Asia Pacific = 24
• The importance of Asia as a market = 25
• The importance of Asia Pacific as a resource base = 28
• The importance of Asia as a source of learning = 30
• Positioning in Asia Pacific = 31
• Resources-based versus market-based strategies = 31
• Choice of countries = 32
• Choice of entry mode and pathway to strategic development = 33
• Choice of business segments and competitive approach = 36
• Orientation : regional strategy versus country-by country strategy = 36
• Creating capabilities through investments in resources, assets and competences = 38
• Development of resources = 39
• Building assets = 41
• Creating competences = 42
• Organisational capabilities = 44
• Putting Asia Pacific strategy into action = 46
• 3. Asia as a Market = 49
• Japan = 49
• Open market, closed society = 49
• Commitment and competition = 50
• Buyer-supplier relationships = 53
• Consumer behaviour = 54
• Maket trends = 57
• ASEANIEs = 59
• Demographic changes = 59
• Consumer segmentation = 61
• The distribution revolution = 65
• Industrial markets = 67
• China = 71
• The shift from state planning to market forces = 71
• Stratification of the consumer = 73
• Industrial mardets = 75
• Marketing instruments = 77
• 4. The Players = 81
• Japanese Kaisha = 82
• Devoted employees and patient capital = 82
• Economies of scale, scope and speed = 84
• Keiretsu = 87
• Mini-Japan and sogo shosha abroad = 92
• Kaizen instead of restructuring = 94
• Korean chaebol = 95
• Characteristics = 95
• Managerial culture = 98
• The Korean chaebol in Asia = 99
• The Overseas Chinese conglomerates = 100
• Historical origins = 100
• Characteristics of the Chinese family business = 103
• Strategic development = 106
• The Taiwanse firm : a breed apart? = 108
• Regional activities of overseas Chinese firms = 109
• The other players = 110
• The former colonial trading houses = 110
• State-owned enterprises = 111
• Chinese state-owned enterprises = 112
• 5. Asia business logic = 115
• The role of government = 115
• Development context = 116
• Consensus towards growth = 116
• Business-government relationships = 117
• Pro-business attitudes of the bureaucracy = 118
• Governments in Asia : pragmatism and flexibility = 119
• Development orientations = 119
• Direct government participation = 123
• The role of relationships = 124
• Family and blood ties = 124
• Social, school and aclub ties = 126
• Corruption = 127
• Cultures and business in the Asia Pacific region = 129
• The Asian concept of social organisation = 129
• Pervasiveness of Confucian ethics = 131
• Competitive and business logic = 131
• Goal setting = 132
• Competitive behaviour = 133
• Decision-making = 135
• The Asian business context : an overview = 136
• 6. Competing = 140
• Strategic and market intelligence = 140
• Reliability and accessibility of information = 140
• Sources of information = 142
• Market research in Asia = 144
• Entry strategies = 145
• Selecting and changing entry modes = 145
• Distribution agreements = 148
• Choice of location = 153
• Local content requirements = 156
• Critical mass and optimism traps = 157
• Competitive moves = 160
• First mover advantage = 160
• Late entry strategies = 162
• Marketing across the region = 163
• Countering Japanese competitors = 165
• 7. Cooperating in country-based partnerships = 170
• Partnerships in Asia = 170
• Country-based partnerships = 172
• Rationale for partnering = 172
• Partner selection = 176
• Negotiating partnership agreements = 190
• Managing partnerships = 193
• Organisational design = 193
• Staffing = 195
• Control = 196
• Communication = 196
• Joint venture decay and failure = 198
• A special case : joint venturing in China = 201
• The political and legal context = 201
• Entering a joint venture = 202
• Creating and managing the fit = 203
• The foreign exchange dilemma = 205
• Early entrants advantage = 206
• 8. Cooperating in global partnerships = 208
• The reach of global partnerships = 208
• Global partnerships and strategic alliances = 208
• Japanese, Korean and Taiwanese partners = 210
• Competitive collaboration and networks = 211
• Success and failure of global partnerships = 212
• Western perceptions = 212
• Assessment and measurement of success and failure = 213
• Structural differences between partners = 214
• Trading of contributions = 214
• Asymmetric strategies = 218
• Managerial behaviour and learning = 221
• Organisational requirements = 224
• Setting up a global partnership = 224
• Organisational learning = 226
• Provisions for exit = 229
• 9. Organising = 232
• Organisational vicious circles = 232
• Organisational facilitators in Asia Pacific = 234
• Regional legitimisation = 235
• Regional drive = 236
• Adaption versus transformation = 237
• Commitment through people = 238
• Informal networking = 239
• The effect of globalisation on Asian operations = 240
• Strategy formulation and budgeting = 242
• Evaluation processes = 243
• Learning processes = 244
• Regional headquarters = 244
• The role of regional headquarters = 245
• Determinants of the roles of regional headquarters = 248
• Alternative ways of managing regionally = 250
• The location of regional headquarters and the role of Japan = 252
• Regional headquarters : a typology = 253
• 10. Managing Human Resources = 256
• Recruiting local staff = 256
• Scarcity = 258
• Reluctance to work for foreign firms = 261
• Retaining local staff = 261
• Fairness = 262
• Rewards = 262
• Sense of belonging = 263
• Long-term view = 264
• Expatriate management = 265
• Common expatriate problems : motivation and performance = 266
• Expatriate skills = 267
• Cultural assimilation = 269
• Cultural differentiation and integration = 270
• 11. The Future of the Asia Pacific Region = 278
• Growth versus development = 278
• Growth development and internal stability = 281
• External stability and sources of conflict = 283
• The move towards Asianisation = 287
• Learning about and learning from Asia Pacific = 291
• References = 294
• Index = 303