This study empirically investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the earnings management through real activities, earnings quality and firm value for the top 200 companies of the KEJI Index provided by Economy Justification I...
This study empirically investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the earnings management through real activities, earnings quality and firm value for the top 200 companies of the KEJI Index provided by Economy Justification Institute from 2004 to 2009. For the relationship between CSR and earnings management through real activities, a focus was placed on the 3 activities: abnormal operation cash flow, abnormal cost of production and abnormal discretionary expense. For the relationship between CSR and earnings quality, earnings persistence was used as a proxy for earnings quality. In addition, the relationship between CSR and firm value was examined by measuring Tobin's Q.
The results of empirical analysis include followings. First, there was a significantly negative relationship between CSR and the earnings management through real activities. This indicates that firms with higher social responsibility are associated with a lower level of the earnings management through real activities.
Second, there was a positive relationship between CSR and abnormal operation cash flow, but no statistical significance was found. In other words, although the direction was in line with the hypothesis established in this study, any effect was not found between CSR and abnormal operating cash flow because the probability of the relationship was not statistically significant.
Third, the relationship between CSR and the abnormal cost of production, which is a part of the earnings management through real activities, was negative, and statistically significant. This indicates that firms with higher CSR are associated with lower earnings management by managers using the abnormal cost of production.
Fourth, there was a significantly positive relationship between CSR and earnings management using abnormal discretionary expense. This implies that firms with higher CSR are related with a lower level of earnings management using abnormal discretionary expense.
Fifth, for the analysis of relationship between CSR and earnings persistence, the median of KEJI Index was used to examine whether there is significant difference in earnings persistence between the groups with high CSR and low CSR. However, the result was founded to be not statistically significant.
Sixth, the relationship between CSR and firm value was found to be significantly positive. This indicates that higher CSR of firms tends to be higher firm value.
As an additional analysis, firms practicing CSR were compared with those not practicing CSR. For this purpose, an investigation was conducted as to whether the effects of DCSR2 on the earnings management through real activities, earnings persistence and firm value were different. The analysis identifies that the coefficient of DCSR2 (the coefficient of earnings management through real activities) was negative. That is, the level of earnings management through real activities of firms practicing CSR was lower than that of those not practicing CSR, which is consistent with the Hypothesis 1. There was no significant relationship between DCSR2 and earnings persistence, a proxy for earnings quality. Also, a significant positive relationship was found between DCSR2 and firm value, indicating that CSR activities had a positive effect on firm value.
Taken together, it can be concluded that higher CSR leads to a lower level of the earnings management through real activities, indicating that firms practicing CSR had higher accounting transparency. This is consistent with the results of previous studies that investigated the relationship between CSR and earnings management using discretionary accruals. The results also illustrate that CSR has a positive relationship with firm value. This suggests that firms with higher CSR have higher accounting transparency, which ultimately can be a very useful strategic tool for enhancing firm value.
In conclusion, since CSR activities enhance firm value, the study recommended that firms should pro-actively consider CSR activities as a strategic tool to practice ISO 26000, which would be guidance for a sustainable management strategy and international standard.