Continental European countries launched their activation policies in the 1990s and have been intensifying their efforts through the 2000s. But many researchers paid little attention on the countries because they believed that the countries were not ...
Continental European countries launched their activation policies in the 1990s and have been intensifying their efforts through the 2000s. But many researchers paid little attention on the countries because they believed that the countries were not in a position to be capable to reform themselves. In other words, the research circle did not match the changes in reality. This project intended to bridge the gap. We use a fuzzy set ideal type analysis to check whether the four continental countries would conform to a specific welfare regime. We constructed three ideal types of income generosity, labor market policy activism, and employment protection strictness. We then translated them into fuzzy sets and got 8 property spaces. Among them we found 6 meaningful activation models and checked each country for conformity. The result shows that Germany and France have maintained their continental welfare model while the Netherlands and Belgium have not. The Netherlands is found to have been transformed into a social democratic model, which has widely been anticipated. Belgium did not belong to any specific activation model, mostly showing maximum ambiguity. In sum, the alleged tendency of path dependent changes in continental welfare states was neither fully confirmed nor fully rejected. It needs to be put into a comprehensive perspective to test the path dependence thesis.