1912년 로이 채프먼 앤드류스의 고래 조사와 ‘한국계 귀신고래’ = Roy Chapman Andrews’ Survey of Gray Whales at the Jangsaengpo Whaling Station in 1912 and the ‘Korean Gray Whale’

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In January 1912, Roy Chapman Andrews (1884-1960), an assistant curator at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York City, traveled to the Oriental Whaling Company's whaling station at Jangsangpo, Ulsan, Korea. He stayed there for about seven weeks and conducted a firsthand study of devilfish, or gray whales, which had disappeared from the California coast.
Based on this research, he published "THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE" in 1914, in which he concluded, based on his analysis, that the gray whales in Korean waters was the same species as the California gray whales. The gray whale skeletons that Andrews collected in Jangsaengpo and sent to the United States are still preserved in the AMNH and National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), a testament to the dedication and scholarly contributions of a American scientist at the forefront of natural science in the early 20th century.
Using Andrews' research as a basis, the nationalistic and romanticized narrative of the 'Korean gray whale(한국계 귀신고래)' was 'invented' in South Korea in the 1980s. However, Andrews viewed gray whales in Korean waters as the same species as California gray whales, and there is no expressions or descriptions in his paper that could be directly linked to 'Korean gray whales'. The enthusiasm for the 'Korean gray whale(한국계 귀신고래)' can be seen as a nationalist reinterpretation of Andrews' work, in which he immersed himself in science, ignored the the placeness of Jangsaengpo, a colonial whaling port under Japanese control, and otherized local Koreans.
Jangsaengpo whaling station was a transnational site where multiple networks of Japanese whalers, Norwegian catchers, American scientist, and Korean residents operated. The nature and meaning of Andrews's survey on gray whales at Jangsaengpo are therefore linked to the question of how to reconceptualize the task of decolonization in Korea in the 21st century and to research the multilayered histories of the local.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국학자료통합플랫폼"

2 "한국 귀신고래의 대잇기 운동"

3 허영란, "집합기억의 재구성과 지역사의 모색: 울산 장생포 고래잡이 구술을 중심으로" 역사문제연구소 18 (18): 373-408, 2014

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5 허영란, "장생포이야기" 울산남구청 2012

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7 허영란, "에미 스이인의 『實地探險捕鯨船』(1907)과 혼종적 장소로서의 장생포 포경기지" 한국사학회 (135) : 125-162, 2019

8 "부산역사문화대전"

9 "경향신문"

10 "釜山日報"

11 東洋捕鯨株式會社, "本邦乃諾威式捕鯨誌" 東洋捕鯨 1910

12 大村秀雄, "市川の鯨" 財団法人日本捕鯨協会 鯨類研究所 (345) : 1982

13 江見水陰, "實地探險捕鯨船" 博文館 1907

14 宇仁義和, "ロイ·チャップマン·アンドリュースの日本と朝鮮での鯨類調査と1909ー1910年の日本周辺での行程" 日本セトロジー研究会 24 : 2014

15 "ピクシブ百科事典"

16 "http://www.beloithistoricalsociety.com/roychapman.php"

17 Lars Schladitz, "Whaling, Science, and Trans-Maritime Networks, 1910–1914" Heidelberg Center for Transcultural Studies (HCTS) at Heidelberg University (1) : 2014

18 Roy Chapman Andrews, "Whale hunting with gun and camera; a naturalist's account of the modern shore-whaling industry, of whales and their habits, and of hunting experiences in various parts of the world" D. Appleton and Company 1916

19 Roy Chapman Andrews, "The California gray whale (Rhachianectes glaucus Cope)"

20 Roy Chapman Andrews, "Ends Of The Earth" The Curtis Publishing Co 1929